Volume 8, Issue 4 (Oct-Dec 2019)
JCHR 2019, 8(4): 203-210 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Ghannadiasl F. Undiagnosed Hypertension among Youth (18-24 years) Referred to the Nutrition Clinic in Ardabil City, North West of Iran, from 2016 to 2018. JCHR 2019; 8 (4) :203-210
URL: http://jhr.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-530-en.html
URL: http://jhr.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-530-en.html
Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran , ghannadiasl@uma.ac.ir
Abstract: (4099 Views)
Introduction: Blood pressure among youth is associated with increased risk of future cardiovascular disease occurrence. The studies done on hypertension prevalence among young population are still insufficient. The purpose of this study was to determine undiagnosed hypertension, based on the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC7) on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure updated guidelines among the apparently healthy young group of Iranian population.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 901 volunteers, without previous hypertension history, in the age group of 18-24 years old (body mass index< 40 kg/m2) were assessed in Ardabil city from September 2016 to March 2008.They were apparently healthy youth and reported that their body weight had been stable for at least the last 3 months. Blood pressure was measured by standardized protocols based on American Heart Association guidelines, and the final value was obtained using the mean of the two careful readings of office blood pressure monitoring. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0. One-way analysis of variance was applied to determine the differences among hypertension groups, and p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean of age, weight and body mass index was 19.48±1.64 (years), 60.54±11.45 (kg) and 21.39±3.17 (kg/m2), respectively. According to the JNC7 updated guidelines (2017), 17.4% subjects fell into elevated blood pressure whereas 2.1% and 1.7% into stage I and II hypertension category, respectively. Males were significantly more likely to have elevated blood pressure and stage I and stage II hypertension than females (p<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the JNC7 updated guidelines, there is a significant prevalence of undiagnosed elevated blood pressure and hypertension (21.1%) among Iranian youth population. These results emphasize the need for careful monitoring of the blood pressure even among apparently healthy young adults.
Review: Research |
Subject:
Public Health
Received: 2019/05/24 | Accepted: 2019/12/29 | Published: 2019/12/29
Received: 2019/05/24 | Accepted: 2019/12/29 | Published: 2019/12/29
References
1. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, et al. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. The lancet. 2005; 365 (9455): 217-23. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17741-1]
2. World Health Organization. Global Health Repository. Available from: URL: http: //www.who.int/gho/ncd/ risk_factors/blood_pressure_prevalence_text/en/index.html
3. World Health Report. Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Available from: URL: http: //www. who.int/ whr/2002/en/whr02_ch4.pdf
4. Bryan S, Larose MS, Campbell N, et al. Resting blood pressure and heart rate measurement in the Canadian Health Measures Survey, cycle 1. Health Reports. 2010; 21(1):71
5. Chobanian AV. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC7 report. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2003; 289: 2560-2572. [DOI:10.1001/jama.289.19.2560]
6. Wang Y, Wang QJ. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among US adults according to the new joint national committee guidelines: new challenges of the old problem. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2004; 164(19): 2126-34. [DOI:10.1001/archinte.164.19.2126]
7. Midha T, Krishna V, Shukla R, et al. Correlation between hypertension and hyperglycemia among young adults in India. World Journal of Clinical Cases. 2015; 3(2):171. [DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i2.171]
8. Faselis C, Doumas M, Kokkinos JP, et al. Exercise capacity and progression from prehypertension to hypertension. Hypertension. 2012;. 60(2):333-8. [DOI:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.196493]
9. Carey RM, Muntner P, Bosworth HB, et al. Prevention and control of hypertension: JACC health promotion series. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018; 72(11):1278-93. [DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.008]
10. Yano Y, Reis JP, Colangelo LA, et al. Association of blood pressure classification in young adults using the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association blood pressure guideline with cardiovascular events later in life. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2018; 320(17):1774-82. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2018.13551]
11. Son JS, Choi S, Kim K, et al. Association of blood pressure classification in Korean young adults according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines with subsequent cardiovascular disease events. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2018; 320(17):1783-92. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2018.16501]
12. Bucholz EM, Gooding HC, de Ferranti SD. Awareness of cardiovascular risk factors in US young adults aged 18-39 years. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2018; 54(4): 67-77. [DOI:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.022]
13. Mohsenzadeh Y, Motedayen M, Hemmati F, et al. investigating the prevalence rate of hypertension in Iranian men and women: A study of systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences. 2017; 4(1):53-62. [DOI:10.18869/acadpub.jbrms.4.1.53]
14. Chobanian AV. Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003; 42:1206-52. [DOI:10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2]
15. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA /ABC/ACPM/ AGS/APhA/ ASH/ ASPC/ NMA/ PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018; 71(19): 127-248. [DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006]
16. World Health Organization. Global database on Body Mass Index: BMI Classification. 2006. World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland. 2015.
17. Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, et al. Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals: Part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension. 2005; 45(1):142-61. [DOI:10.1161/01.HYP.0000150859.47929.8e]
18. Burgess SE, MacLaughlin EJ, Smith PA, et al. Blood pressure rising: differences between current clinical and recommended measurement techniques. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension. 2011; 5(6):484-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.jash.2011.08.007]
19. Falkner B, Daniels SR, Flynn JT, et al. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004; 114(2 III): 555-76. [DOI:10.1542/peds.114.2.S2.555]
20. Al-Jarky F, Al-Awadhi N, Al-Fadli H, et al. Prevalence of hypertension in young and middle aged Kuwaiti citizens in primary health care. Kuwait Medical Journal. 2007; 39(2): 116.
21. Senthil S, Krishnadasa SN. Prehypertension and its determinants in apparently healthy young adults. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016; 10(9): CC05-CC08. [DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2016/20626.8447]
22. Tabrizi JS, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Farahbakhsh M, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of prehypertension and hypertension in Iranian population: the lifestyle promotion project (LPP). PloS One. 2016; 11(10):e0165264. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0165264]
23. Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention. Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1997; 157:2413-46. [DOI:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440420033005]
24. Azizi A, Abasi MR, Abdoli GH. The prevalence of Hypertension and its Association with Age, Sex and BMI in a Population Being Educated Using Community-Based Medicine in Kermanshah: 2003. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2008; 10(4): 323-9. [Persian]
25. Goodarzi MR, Badakhsh M, Masinaei Nejad N, et al. Hypertension prevalence in over 18-year-old population of Zabol. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2004; 11(43):821-7. [Persian]
26. Kini S, Kamath VG, Kulkarni MM, et al. Pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 Years) in coastal villages of Udupi District in Southern India: an alarming scenario. PLoS One. 2016; 11(4):e0154538. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0154538]
27. Choi KM, Park HS, Han JH, et al. Prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in a Korean population: Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2001. Journal of Hypertension. 2006; 24(8):1515-21. [DOI:10.1097/01.hjh.0000239286.02389.0f]
28. Ishikawa Y, Ishikawa J, Ishikawa S, et al. Prevalence and determinants of prehypertension in a Japanese general population: The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study. Hypertension Research. 2008; 31(7):1323. [DOI:10.1291/hypres.31.1323]
29. Kamara K, Wilson OW, Papalia Z, et al. Comparison of College Student Hypertension Prevalence between the JNC7 and ACC/AHA Diagnostic Criteria. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2019; 12(3):898-903.
30. Ganguly SS, Al-Shafaee MA, Bhargava K, et al. Prevalence of prehypertension and associated cardiovascular risk profiles among prediabetic Omani adults. BMC Public Health. 2008; 8(1):108. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-8-108]
31. Ferguson TS, Younger NO, Tulloch-Reid MK, et al. Prevalence of prehypertension and its relationship to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Jamaica: analysis from a cross-sectional survey. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2008; 8(1): 20. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2261-8-20]
32. Merino Barrera SI, Fernández GA, Garí Llanes M, et al. Factors associated with prehypertension in young adults between 20 and 25 years of age. CorSalud (Revista de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares). 2014; 6(1):25-35.
33. Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Ohman EM, et al. International prevalence, recognition, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with atherothrombosis. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2006; 295(2):180-9. [DOI:10.1001/jama.295.2.180]
34. Johnston DW, Propper C, Shields MA. Comparing subjective and objective measures of health: Evidence from hypertension for the income/health gradient. Journal of Health Economics. 2009; 28(3):540-52. [DOI:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.02.010]
35. Gan SK, Loh CY, Seet B. Hypertension in young adults-an under-estimated Problem. Singapore Medical Journal. 2003; 44(9):448-52.
36. Ray S, Kulkarni B, Sreenivas A. Prevalence of prehypertension in young military adults & its association with overweight and dyslipidemia. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2011; 134(2):162.
37. Shen L, Ma H, Xiang MX, et al. Meta-analysis of cohort studies of baseline prehypertension and risk of coronary heart disease. American Journal of Cardiology. 2013; 112(2):266-71. [DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.03.023]
38. Khanam MA, Lindeboom W, Razzaque A, et al. Prevalence and determinants of pre-hypertension and hypertension among the adults in rural Bangladesh: findings from a community-based study. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15(1):203. [DOI:10.1186/s12889-015-1520-0]
39. Middleton JP, Crowley SD. Prehypertension and chronic kidney disease: the ox or the plow? Kidney International. 2012; 81(3):229-32. [DOI:10.1038/ki.2011.393]
40. Amma GM, Vasudevan B, Akshayakumar S. Prevalence and determinants of prehypertension and hypertension among adolescents: a school based study in a rural area of Kerala, India. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences,. 2015; 3(1):58-64. [DOI:10.5455/2320-6012.ijrms20150111]
41. Debbarma A, Bhattacharjya H, Mohanty A, et al. Prevalence of pre-hypertension and its relationship with body mass index among the medical students of Agartala government medical college. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2015; 3(5):1097-101. [DOI:10.5455/2320-6012.ijrms20150513]
42. Wu X, Yang X, Shan R, et al. Potential mediating biomarkers underlying the association of body mass index or waist circumference with blood pressure: results from three population-based studies. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7(1):5364. [DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-05677-3]
43. Parthaje PM, Unnikrishnan B, Thankappan KR, et al. Prevalence and correlates of prehypertension among adults in urban South India. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health. 2016; 28(1 suppl): 93S-101S. [DOI:10.1177/1010539515616453]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
