Showing 14 results for پزشک
Ahmad Haerian-Ardakani , Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad, Mohsen Razavinia, Hassan Rezaeipandari,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
Background: Dental fear is a major factor in postponing and cancelling a dental appointment. The studies in this field are still limited. The current study was conducted to examine dental fear in patients going to dentists in Mashhad, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 400 patients were selected randomly from 20 dental offices in Mashhad. The data were collected, using Dental Fear Scale. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire have been measured and confirmed in previous studies. The data were analyzed, using the SPSS software to perform t-test, ANOVA, Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient.
Results: Nearly 20.8% of the participants had mild, 57.5% had moderate, and 21.8% had severe dental fear. The mean score of fear was statistically higher in females (49.95±13.3) compared to males (39.69±14.7). In terms of marital status, the highest mean score of fear was observed among the divorced and widows (51.82 ± 14.2). In terms of occupation, the highest mean score of fear was observed among the housewives (52.63±12.89). Correlational analysis showed the following inverse relationship between dental fear score and age(r=-0.18,p<0.001), education level(ρ=-0.28,p<0.001)and income level (ρ=-0.39,p< 0.001).
Conclusion: females, particularly housewives, have a significantly higher level of dental fear, and it had an inverse correlation with age, education level and level of income and they should be considered in interventional and educational programs aimed decreasing dental fear level.
Ali Chaparian, Hosain Hekmati Moghadam, Mahsa Mansourian,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Ionizing radiation has long-term risks, especially cancer. Since physicians request radiological examinations for patients, they need to be aware of its benefit and also risks. The aim of this study was to assess the overall knowledge of physicians in Yazd province about the radiation risks associated with diagnostic imaging procedures.
Material and Methods: In this descriptive study a questionnaire containing 25 questions was used to evaluate physicians’ knowledge of radiation doses received from radiological procedures and risks of cancer from diagnostic imaging. Their demographics such as age, sex, specialty and experience (years of practice) was also asked. Normality of data distribution was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilks test and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. A t-test was used for continuous variables and comparison of mean differences in scores for dichotomous variables. Spearman's correlation coefficient was carried out to look for any relationship between variables of age and experience with the knowledge of the physicians.
Results: The overall mean knowledge score was 14 ± 3.15 out of 25 questions, or 56% ± 12.6%, and the scores ranged from 11.5% to 81%. The total mean score did not correlate with age and experience, but there was a significant difference (P value= 0.001) between men and women and also among the two main respondent groups, general practitioners and specialists (P value= 0.012). Physicians’ knowledge about detrimental effects of radiation including both deterministic and stochastic effects was very weak.
Conclusion: The awareness of physicians about radiation is generally inadequate. Adequate training to practicing physicians about risks of radiological examinations seems needed, and revision of the curriculum of medical students in this area is recommended.
Mohamad Hassan Lotfi, Mohammad Javad Amirian, Ali Dehghani, Hossein Falahzadeh, Omid Emami,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (2-2016)
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Death is defined as the permanent loss of all signs of life at any time after birth (Irrevocable disappearance of all vital signs after birth). Unnatural deaths seem to be either suspicious or unexpected. Deaths that occur suddenly and their causes need to be investigated, are termed unnatural deaths. According to the death certificate contents of Ministry of Health and Forensics, if the cause of death is unnatural, the corpse will be submitted to the forensic medicine departments in 19 cases in order to determine the death cause and to issue the burial permit.
Material & Methods: In this descriptive study, the data were extracted from unnatural death cases in the province of Yazd during 2003 to 2013 recorded by Yazd Forensic Medicine.
Results: During 2003 -2013, 5552 cases of unnatural deaths were recorded by the Forensic Medicine of Yazd, out of which 4373 cases of unnatural deaths were caused by road traffic accidents (outside and inside the city), 89 deaths from electrocution, 439 deaths from poisoning, 72 deaths from drowning, 129 deaths from asphyxia (by carbon monoxide), 56 deaths from work incidents, and 394 deaths from burns. The group of males aged 20-29 years allocated the highest number of unnatural deaths to themselves.
Conclusion: Road traffic accidents are the second leading cause of unnatural deaths in Iran. The number of unnatural death incidents in men is more than women indicating that men are more exposed to risk factors than women, though regarding the deaths due to the burns, women are exposed to the high risk factors.
Hodjat Hamidi, Maryam Jahanshhi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (2-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: In order to simplify the information exchange within the medical diagnosis process, a collaborative software agent’s framework is presented. The purpose of the framework is to allow the automated information exchange between different medicine specialists.
Methods: This study presented architecture of a hybrid disease diagnosis system. The architecture employed a learning algorithm and used soft computing to build a medical knowledge base. These machine intelligences are combined in a complementary approach to overcome the weakness of each other. To evaluate the hybrid learning algorithm and compare it with other methods, 699 samples were used in each experiment, where 60% was for training, 20% was for cross validation, and 20% for testing.
Results: The results were obtained from the experiments on the breast cancer dataset. Different methods of soft computing system were merged to create diagnostic software functionality. As it is shown in the structure, the system has the ability to learn and collect knowledge that can be used in the detection of new images. Currently, the system is at the design stage. The system is to evaluate the performance of hybrid learning algorithm. The preliminary results showed a better performance of this system than other methods. However, the results can be tested with hybrid system on larger data sets to improve hybrid learning algorithm.
Conclusion: The purpose of this paper was to simplify the diagnosis process of a patient by splitting the medical domain concepts (e.g., causes, effects, symptoms, tests) in human body systems (e.g., respiratory, cardiovascular), though maintaining the holistic perspective through the links between common concepts.
Azam Shams, Khalil Alimohammadzadeh, Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (10-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Recording Medical information in hospital records are in fact documentation of the medical team activities in the hospital. Therefore, correct, accurate, and timely record of patients' information can play a vital role in improving educational, medical, research, legal, and statistical activities. This study aimed to investigate the type and amount of errors in medical records documentation and its effective factors in Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was cross-sectional. A sample of 330 patients' records in Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital was investigated through a self-made checklist. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software and descriptive and analytical methods.
Results: The amount of error in the records showed that, among the examined errors, the lack of record in diagnosis and drug use time in more than 50% of the cases were not accurately recorded. The least error was due to the absence of time and stamp. There was a significant relationship between medical record errors and some demographic characteristics.
Conclusion: According to the results and the existence of errors in recording files, hospital doctors and nurses' efforts to promote the documentation of cases were necessary. Rewardingly, some methods, such as initial training of newly arrived residents, encouraging methods, and periodic evaluation of cases can be used.
Farnaz Mohamadhoseinzadeh Hashemi, Mehrnoosh Jafari, Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (4-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: The utilization of the medical research results is one of the most important indicators in the development of this profession, which provides effective care to patients and improves the quality of care. However, performing based on the evidence-based results has been unsuccessful in some cases. This study aimed to investigated and prioritize the factors affecting evidence-based medicine among physicians affiliated to Iranian Health insurance.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 physicians affiliated to Iranian Health insurance in Tehran city in 2018. The simple random sampling method was used to collect the data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire containing of three parts: demographic questionnaire, Fonk (1995) evidence-based medical barriers questionnaire that included four domains and 25 questions, as well as a researcher-made questionnaire that prioritized the factors influencing evidence-based medicine implementation. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 and Expert Choice software using hierarchical analysis method.
Results: Most physicians were male (53.3%) and worked as an official employee. Among four dimensions, the highest mean and standard deviation was related to organizational impact, while the lowest was related to the quality of research and possible outcomes. Regarding the factors of organizational impacts, the highest weight or priority was attributed to the feeling of insufficient independence to change care methods with a weight of 0.259. Among the factors related to the research quality, the highest weight and priority was related to the factor of methodological defects in the research with a weight of 0.192. Considering the factors related to the skills of conducting research, the highest priority and weight was attributed to the lack of documentary evidence for the performance change with a weight of 0.320. Moreover, regarding the factors related to communication and access to the findings of the research, the highest weight and priority was in the factor of unavailability of actual articles (0.475).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that physicians considered problems and barriers related to organization, individual, and quality of research studies. Therefore, facilities should be created for using research findings as well as the conditions for updating physicians' knowledge, skills, and attitudes to use the research results.
Nasim Namiranian , Seied Saman Mansouri , Mohammad Shafiee ,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: The Internet is one of the most advanced human achievements that encompasses a wide and unbroken network of multiple links. The vast Internet usage and appetite has led to the emergence of a phenomenon called Internet addiction in recent years; As Internet usage has multiplied in recent decades and its users have grown exponentially, the Internet has become a necessity for life. Considering the increase in the rate of Internet addiction, we tried to investigate the rate of internet addiction among medical students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd in 1395.
Materials & Methods: This analytic-cross-sectional study was performed on 350 students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. The sampling was random sampling. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire and Yang's Internet addiction inventory. The questionnaire contains 20 questions, according to which the person is placed in one of four classes: normal, mild, moderate and severe. After collecting the data, the data were entered into SPSS 16 software and analyzed using Chi-square and independent t tests.
Results: The results of the study showed that out of 350, 183 (52.3%) were female and 167 (47.7%) were male. According to Internet addiction, students were 65% normal, 33.3% border lip And 1.7% were addicted to the Internet. The results also showed that there was a significant statistical relationship between the prevalence of internet addiction among students and sex, smoking and registration in cyberspace, and there was no significant statistical relationship between the prevalence of internet addiction and marital status, place of residence and birth place.
Conclusion:. Given the importance of the field of medicine and its connection with the lives of people, Internet addiction is at all possible thoughtful among medical students and should be taken by adopting programs such as holding workshops on the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet and its subsequent consequences, Increased student awareness of the dangers of internet addiction.
Farnoosh Akhoondan, Hojatollah Hamidi, Ali Broumandnia,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: The Iranian Ministry of Health has announced that when a heart attack occurs, 50% of patients die within the first hours after a heart attack. The purpose of this article is to provide a system for 24-hour patient monitoring, prevention of heart attack and reduction of mortality.
Methods: In this original research study, by reviewing the valid articles of 2020, two sensor samples with the least error, fast and user-friendly were selected, then presented by new system methods including two-phase: warning transmission and normal mode. Received information from both of the phases is stored in the patient's digital file. Based on this information, personalized decisions can be made for each patient.
Results: According to the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, more than 40% of deaths in the country are related to the heart diseases, 19% of them are related to the heart attack, while 50% of deaths due to myocardial infraction happen in the first hours. Our proposed 24-hour monitoring system, using the most up-to-date and accurate measurement tools, reduces the risk by continuously measuring the patient's vital signs.
Conclusion: In our proposed system, the time and numerical interval of each measurement by the sensors are determined by the respective doctor, then the information is stored in each person's digital medical record. This system helps prescribe medication and make more accurate decisions based on the patient's specific circumstances. It is recommended that the drug delivery phase be performed within the arrival time of the medical team to minimize the risk.
Mahdi Shahraki, Simin Ghaderi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the necessity of careful planning in the human capital of health and the effect of imbalance of general physician supply on economy and health status, this study aimed to estimate general practitioners' (GPs) demand and predict general practitioners’ shortage and surplus in Iran.
Method: This study was an analytical and applied study conducted at the national level for Iran in 2019 using ARIMA (5,1,1) method for projecting supply and Vector Error Correction (VEC) models for projecting demand with Gross Domestic Product (GDP), out-of-pocket, aging and hospital beds variables. Data were annual time series from 1991 to 2017, extracted from the statistical yearbooks issued by the Statistical Center of Iran and the World Bank database. The required models and tests were estimated by Eviews 10 software at a 0.05 significance level.
Results: The general practitioners’ elasticity to GDP, aging, and out-of-pocket were 0.33, 1.77, and -0.81, respectively. GDP per capita (0.11), aging (0.14), and the number of hospital beds (0.0007) had a positive impact, and out-of-pocket payments (-0.0001) had a negative impact on demand for GPs in Iran. Also, from 2018 to 2030, the mean GPs demand (0.23) was higher than the mean supply (0.20), and there was a shortage of GPs in these years (0.03).
Conclusion: Iran is facing a shortage of GPs by 2030. Therefore, there are suggested policies for increasing the admissions capacity at medical universities, maintaining and preventing the migration of physicians with appropriate incentives, establishing rules, and providing job satisfaction for physicians.
Ignazio Grattagliano, Filippo Anelli,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (7-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Health promotion is the highest level of human sensitivity directed to break down differences and produce equal opportunities for unselected people to enjoy the best health care potential. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the assistance provided to immigrants by Italian general practitioners (GPs), the level of satisfaction declared by migrants, and the perception of GPs about the needs of migrants.
Methods: A survey was conducted. Both immigrant patients (regular and illegal) and some Italian GPs filled a questionnaire. Ten GPs were selected among those available to perform the study by a convenience sampling method; the immigrants were consecutively included among those attending the medical offices.
Results: Over 90% (n = 66) of immigrants declared to be fully satisfied with the overall assistance provided with easy access to care. GPs declared no problems in assisting even illegal immigrants and suggested the accurate evaluation of patients’ needs to provide successful care.
Conclusions: These findings indicate the importance of promoting health and education as provided by Italian GPs. The satisfaction declared by the interviewed immigrants is mainly attributable to the model of assistance provided in Apulia, which includes interventions for any health problem
Afsaneh Fallahi, Leila Riahi, Aniseh Nikravan,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (7-2021)
Abstract
Objective: Falls are the main cause of injuries and death among the elderly and lead to using medical services. This study aimed to assess the effect of falls on medical costs among elderly inpatients.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was done in a public hospital (heart center) in Qazvin, Iran. In this study, 79 medical records of the elderly who had experienced in-hospital falls and 79 medical records in control group with similar characteristics who had not experienced in- hospital falls during 2016-2019. The data, including the elderly age, sex, fall characteristics, and all hospital costs related to falls were gathered from hospital accident forms, medical records, nursing reports, and official data banks. The overall costs of services provided for fallen elderly were compared with the control group. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 22, using Chi-square and paired sample t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Total cost of all services provided for the elderly during their hospitalization was 106.596$ (base year: 2019, $1=42500 IRR), of this amount 8.600$ (8.06%) was related to the services due to in-hospital falls. The highest costs were related to treatment services (40%), diagnostic services (33%), visits (21%) and consultation (6%). The difference between the case and control groups was 7.310$. The elderly falls significantly increased medical costs by 8.06% (P≤0.01).
Conclusions: Even falls that do not lead to serious injuries waste medical services and increase hospital costs by making changes in treatment methods and increasing the length of hospital stay.
Reyhane Sefidkar, Farzan Madadizadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
A main step in answering a scientific hypothesis in an epidemiological study is deciding which type of study is suitable to be undertaken, considering methodology, practical considerations and budget and time limitations
Aditi Sachdeva, Arvind Athavale, Sachin Gupta, Pradeep Kumar Tiwari,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (6-2022)
Abstract
Abstract:
Introduction: Development of at a younger age is a potential risk of developing chronic low back pain in adulthood. The study was planned with the purpose to know the extent of the less studied musculoskeletal disorders as a health problem among Indian medical students. The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of low back and neck pain among medical students, find the associations of low back and neck pain with quality-of-life issues, self-perceived stress and lifestyle.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Bhopal, India from May to July 2019, total 220 medical students were randomly selected. A questionnaire including the pre-validated instruments viz. Oswestry Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale and Perceived Stress Scale-10 were used to collect the data. Data entry was done in Microsoft Excel and was analyzed on statistical package SPSS version 23.
Results: The overall prevalence of Low Back and Neck Pain were 49.1% and 56.4% respectively. A significant association of female gender was found with Neck and Low Back Pain. A significant negative correlation was found between body mass index and Visual Analogue Scale neck & back (p=0.003).
Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of low back pain and neck pain in medical students at Bhopal. Females were affected more than males. Complaint of lower back pain was more than neck pain. Playing outdoor sports and weightlifting was found to be having protective effect on low back pain and neck pain.
Reza Bidaki, Stare Kashkouli, Mojtaba Mahmodi, Atena Dadgari,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
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