Introduction: Diabetes is the most common and important metabolic disorder in pregnancy period. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes and its risk factors in Meibod County

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using registered data of diabetes screening program for all pregnant women living in Meibod town during the years 2013-2014. In first gynecology visit, FBS test was conducted for 1209 pregnant women who had no past record of diabetes. According to existence or lack of risk factors, participants went through glucose 3-hour tolerance test (OGTT) with 75 grams of glucose. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (Vs. 18) by Chi-squared, t-test, and logistic regression test.

Results: Mean age of women with gestational diabetes was 27.8±5.85 while it was 26.1±5.35 for healthy women. There was significant relation between age, body mass index, parity, family record of the diabetes, and history of gestational diabetes (P=0.000). There was no significant relationship between gestational diabetes and history of hypertension, gestational diabetes, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, child's weight of 4 kg or more at birth, and fetal abnormalities in previous pregnancies. There was also a significant correlation between gestational diabetes and number of risk factors (P<0.001).

Conclusion: According to the results, the prevalence of gestational diabetes was high in Meibod town and more studies are needed in this area. 

Abstract

Introduction: Substance abuse is a common problem and a major public health dilemma with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, due to the increase of drug abuse in recent years, especially among young people and its complications, including loss of life, unwanted pregnancy, suicide commitment, as well as violence and given that our country has a young population, so the present study, aimed to investigate the substance abuse among the students in Yazd, a central city in Iran.

Materials and methods: In this cross sectional study 1020 students studying in high school (the first period - the second period) were investigated in the 2015-2016 academic year in the city of Yazd. Multi-stage sampling method using cluster and stratified sampling was used. Information were collected through a standardized questionnaire based on World Health Organization method known as Global school-based student health survey (GSHS) which was translated to Persian. After completion of the questionnaire by students, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and through statistical tests of significance.

Results: The results showed 18.1% of students had at least one history of drug use. 9.5% of students had a history of cannabis use, 12.5% had a history of amphetamines use, 10.8% had a history of taking psychotropic pills, 12.2% had a history of heroin use, 12.9% had a history of opium use, and finally, 9.6% had a history of crack use. There was no significant association between parents education and drug abuse in students.

Conclusion: According to high prevalence and diversity of substance abuse among students, recommend educational program in school and parents supervision. Promotion of parents and teachers knowledge about symptoms of abuse is needed. Family support of adolescents is effective for prevention. 

Introduction: Physical activity and healthy eating at an early age are two key elements in prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases. Therefore, regular physical activity is recommended to improve public health and to reduce the burden of diseases and medical costs in communities. The aim of this study was to determine the status of physical activity in Yazd high school students

Methods: A total number of1018 male high school students participated in this cross-sectional study. They were permanent residents of Yazd city in the school year of 2015-2016.

Multistage cluster classification and stratified sampling methods were applied to collect samples. A validated Persian standardized World Health Organization questionnaire (GSHS) was used as a data collection tool. After completing the questionnaire by students, data were analyzed by SPSS.

Results: only 11.6 % of participants reported physical activity for at least 60 minutes a day. Inert activities such as watching television or playing computer games for more than 2 hours during a typical day was reported by 531 participants (55 %). Based on body mass index, 18.23 % of students were obese and 13.22 % were overweight.

Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the level of students' physical activities is low. Paying more attention to physical activity and designing curriculums that devote more hours for physical activities are recommended. Encouraging physical activity in leisure time and providing proper facilities for adolescents are further suggestions.