---

Introduction: Today, transmitted diseases through food and food poisoning have been considered as a public health problem in many countries. Lack of knowledge concerning hygiene and food safety can increase the risks associated with the consumed foods. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the students' knowledge and attitude of hygiene and food safety in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd.

Materials & Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey in which 358 students were selected, out of 5400 students of different Schools of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, via stratified random sampling method. In order to glean the study data, a questionnaire was applied, which were then analyzed applying Mann- Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results: The mean score of knowledge has been reported in a low level within 33% of students and the mean score of attitude has been demonstrated to be at a good level within 63.4% of students. Most students revealed a low knowledge level regarding the proper procedures for food storage and food-borne diseases. Moreover, 28.5% of students had a history of food poisoning, whose knowledge and attitude levels were significantly less than those of students who had no history of food poisoning (P&le0.001).

Conclusions: As the study findings revealed, training programs in the form of workshops and courses related to hygiene and food safety can be effective for the students in increasing students' knowledge especifically lower grades students. These programs should contain practical information about microbiology of transmitted diseases through food and proper food storage methods.

---

Nutrition science has proven a great deal of benefits to nuts. In addition to providing a healthy diet, these foods can reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases, including Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (1).
Application of nuts is not only limited to health, but also plays an important role in the field of export and economic prosperity. It seems that the health quality of plant seeds such as pistachios and almonds has been effective in reducing the global market share of these products (2). Annually, 20% of food products produced in the world are contaminated with mycotoxins by fungal toxins.  Aflatoxins are secondary fungal metabolites produced by toxic species of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi (3). These compounds are highly toxic and carcinogenic and are known as mutagenic substances in the world. These carcinogenic compounds are produced by some species of Aspergillus at various stages, including harvesting, transporting, or storage (4). However, the most important factor in nuts contamination with aflatoxin is exposure to fungal contamination in the garden. So far, several methods have been used to detect these contaminants, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunoaffinity 2 columns widely used in the detection of pistachio aflatoxin and other agricultural products in the research and commercial fields (5).

---

Weight gain is one of the problems that many people face and is unfortunately the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Overweight is caused by many factors, such as the environment, family and genetic history, metabolism, unhealthy eating behavior or habits. Factors like family history are unchanging, but other factors, such as your habits, lifestyle and environmental factors can change (1). In the following article, a number of factors affecting overweight, such as Exposure to environmental toxins, Changes in the Microbiome, Chronic stress and cortisol and… will be discussed.

---

The American Society of Surgeons recommends that at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity be performed daily for at least five days a week to ensure the minimum physical health of citizens. Follow these tips because there are not enough spaces, suitable, safe and secure for physical activity and sports for citizens or very rare (1).