Volume 9, Issue 2 (Apr- June 2020)
JCHR 2020, 9(2): 81-89 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Sorbi M H, Issazadegan A, Soleimani E, Mirhosseini H. Relationship between Demographic Characteristics, Depression and Insomnia with Restless Legs Syndrome: a Case-Control Study of Adults Aged 17-70 Years in Yazd. JCHR 2020; 9 (2) :81-89
URL: http://jhr.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-596-en.html
URL: http://jhr.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-596-en.html
1- Faculty of Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran , sorbih@gmail.com
2- Faculty of Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3- Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran
2- Faculty of Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3- Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran
Abstract: (3462 Views)
Introduction: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological-motor disorder in which most patients tend to shake their legs during sleep and describe it as an unpleasant feeling. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of RLS, its relationship with demographic characteristics, depression, and insomnia and comparison of the mentioned variables in the group with and without RLS.
Methods: This was a case-control analytic study. The sample consisted of 429 adults aged 17-70 years who had referred all the psychiatric and neurological clinics of Yazd (center of Iran) in 2019. Participants were selected by cluster sampling method. Research tools included a demographic questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and an International Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire (IRLSQ). The data were analyzed by SPSS-21, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and linear regression. Significant level was considered 0.05.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of participants was 34.43± 10.82. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of the age group with RLS was 36.07± 10.95 while in group without RLS was 33.92± 10.75. Prevalence of RLS in adults was 23.5% (n= 101), in women was 32% (n= 66) and in men was 28.7% (n= 35). The t-test showed patients with RLS had a higher degree of depression and insomnia than those without RLS (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression also showed that insomnia (β= 0.36), age (β= 0.13), and depression (β= 0.15) had a significant effect on RLS score.
Conclusion: The prevalence of RLS among adults in Yazd is high. Severe insomnia, depressed mood, and aging are considered as important factors in predicting this disease. According to what was mentioned early detection, prevention, and treatment of this disorder in adults is necessary.
Methods: This was a case-control analytic study. The sample consisted of 429 adults aged 17-70 years who had referred all the psychiatric and neurological clinics of Yazd (center of Iran) in 2019. Participants were selected by cluster sampling method. Research tools included a demographic questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and an International Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire (IRLSQ). The data were analyzed by SPSS-21, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and linear regression. Significant level was considered 0.05.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of participants was 34.43± 10.82. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of the age group with RLS was 36.07± 10.95 while in group without RLS was 33.92± 10.75. Prevalence of RLS in adults was 23.5% (n= 101), in women was 32% (n= 66) and in men was 28.7% (n= 35). The t-test showed patients with RLS had a higher degree of depression and insomnia than those without RLS (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression also showed that insomnia (β= 0.36), age (β= 0.13), and depression (β= 0.15) had a significant effect on RLS score.
Conclusion: The prevalence of RLS among adults in Yazd is high. Severe insomnia, depressed mood, and aging are considered as important factors in predicting this disease. According to what was mentioned early detection, prevention, and treatment of this disorder in adults is necessary.
Review: Research |
Subject:
Epidemiology
Received: 2019/12/26 | Accepted: 2020/06/29 | Published: 2020/06/29
Received: 2019/12/26 | Accepted: 2020/06/29 | Published: 2020/06/29
References
1. 1. Alidosti M, Hemate Z, Reisi M. Relationship between the quality of sleep and restless legs syndrome among the hemodialysis patients admitted to dialysis centers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari during 2011. Feyz Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. 2013;17(1):85-90.[Persian]
2. Leschziner GD. Restless legs syndrome. InSleep Disorders in Psychiatric Patients. 2018: 175-188. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-54836-9_10]
3. Lee HB, Ramsey CM, Spira AP, et al. Comparison of cognitive functioning among individuals with treated restless legs syndrome (RLS), untreated RLS, and no RLS. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2014;26(1):87-91. [DOI:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12120394]
4. Comella CL. Treatment of restless legs syndrome. Neurotherapeutics. 2014;11(1):177-187. [DOI:10.1007/s13311-013-0247-9]
5. Gheshlagh RG, Farajzadeh M, Zarei M, et al. The prevalence of restless legs syndrome in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. 2017;8(2):105-112. [DOI:10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.2.105]
6. Farajzadeh M, Hosseini M, Ghanei-Gheshlagh R, et al. Investigating the association between Restless Leg Syndrome and depression in elderly. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing. 2016;2(3):18-26.[Persian] [DOI:10.17795/nmsjournal32585]
7. Mucsi I, Molnar MZ, Ambrus C, et al. Restless legs syndrome, insomnia and quality of life in patients on maintenance dialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2005; 20(3):571-577. [DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfh654]
8. Al-Arabi S. Quality of life: subjective descriptions of challenges to patients with end stage renal disease. Nephrology Nursing Journal. 2006;33(3):285-93.
9. Terzi H, Terzi R, Zeybek B, et al. Restless legs syndrome is related to obstructive sleep apnea symptoms during pregnancy. Sleep and Breathing. 2015;19(1):73-78. [DOI:10.1007/s11325-014-0964-2]
10. Gheshlagh RG, Farajzadeh M, Zarei M, et al. The prevalence of restless legs syndrome in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. 2017;8(2):105-112. [DOI:10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.2.105]
11. Hosseini H, Safavi M, Fesharaki M. Relationship between Hypertension and Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing. 2018;4(3):47-53.
12. Amiri MH, Bidaki R, Avazbakhsh MH, et al. Prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. Koomesh. 2019;21(3):493-498.[Persian]
13. Jamalnia S. Investigating restless leg syndrome and its severity in nursing students. Nursing development in health. 2018;8(2):25-30.
14. Hemmati Z, Alidosti M. Frequency of Restless Legs Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients Referring to Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Hospitals. Journal of Health And Care. 2012;14(4):28-34.[Persian]
15. Rajabi G, Karjo-Kasmai S. Psychometric properties of a Persian-language version of the beck depression inventory-second edition (BDI-II-Persian). Training Measurement. 2013;3(10):139-157.[Persian]
16. Chahoud M, Chahine R, Salameh P, et al. Reliability, factor analysis and internal consistency calculation of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in French and in English among Lebanese adolescents. eNeurologicalSci. 2017;7:9-14 [DOI:10.1016/j.ensci.2017.03.003]
17. Fereshtehnejad SM, Rahmani A, Shafieesabet M, et al. Prevalence and associated comorbidities of restless legs syndrome (RLS): Data from a large population-based door-to-door survey on 19176 adults in Tehran, Iran. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0172593. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0172593]
18. Koo BB. Restless leg syndrome across the globe: epidemiology of the restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease. Sleep Medicine Clinics. 2015;10(3):189-205. [DOI:10.1016/j.jsmc.2015.05.004]
19. Yilmaz O, Şengül Y, Şengül HS, et al. Investigation of alexithymia and levels of anxiety and depression among patients with restless legs syndrome. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2018;14: 2207-2214. [DOI:10.2147/NDT.S174552]
20. Theorell-Haglöw J, Miller CB, Bartlett DJ, et al. Gender differences in obstructive sleep apnoea, insomnia and restless legs syndrome in adults-What do we know? A clinical update. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2018;38:28-38. [DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.03.003]
21. Batool-Anwar S, Li Y, De Vito K, et al. Lifestyle factors and risk of restless legs syndrome: prospective cohort study. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2016;12(2):187-194. [DOI:10.5664/jcsm.5482]
22. Ohayon MM, O'Hara R, Vitiello MV. Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome: a synthesis of the literature. Sleep medicine reviews. 2012;16(4):283-295. [DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.05.002]
23. Innes KE, Selfe TK, Agarwal P. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in North American and Western European populations: a systematic review. Sleep Medicine. 2011;12(7):623-634. [DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.12.018]
24. Habibzadeh H, Lazari N, Ghanei GR. Relationship between restless legs syndrome and sleep quality in hemodialysis patients. Iranian Journal of Medical - Surgical Nursing. 2013;2(1-2):57-62.[Persian]
25. Association D-AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013.
26. Saraji NZ, Hami M, Boostani R, et al. Restless leg syndrome in chronic hemodialysis patients in Mashhad hemodialysis centers. Journal of Renal Injury Prevention. 2017;6(2):137-141. [DOI:10.15171/jrip.2017.27]
27. Abedi P, Bagheri R, Qorbani M, et al. Is there a relationship between restless legs syndrome and medical problems in pregnant women? A cross-sectional study in Iran. Acta Neurologica Belgica. 2018:1-6. [DOI:10.1007/s13760-018-01062-7]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
