Recommendation for how to improve taking care of the elderly with covid-19 توصیه ای برای چگونگی بهبود مراقبت از سالمندان مبتلا به کووید-19 2 1 در این نامه به سردبیر، ما توصیه هایی را برای بهبود مراقبت از سالمندان مبتلا به covid-19 ارائه می دهیم. 2 In this letter, we provide recommendations to improve taking care of the elderly with covid-19. 281 282 2020/12/3 1399/9/13 2021/12/29 1400/10/8 سجاد بهاری نیا sajjad bahariniya Masters student of Health Services Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd , Iran ایران sajjadbahari98@gmail.com محمد عزتی mohammad ezati asar School of Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran ایران aliezati42@gmail.com فرزان مددی زاده farzan madadizadeh Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ایران f.madadizadeh@ssu.ac.ir elderly taking care covid-19 سالمندان مراقبت درمانی کووید-19 1. Hsih WH, Cheng MY, Ho MW, et al. Featuring COVID-19 cases via screening symptomatic patients with epidemiologic link during flu season in a medical center of central Taiwan. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2020 Jun 1;53(3):459-66.##Chieffo A, Stefanini GG, Price S, et al. EAPCI Position Statement on Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Heart Journal. 2020; 41 (19):1839-1851.##Pros and Cons of Remote Patient Monitoring. [internet]. Available from: https://www.healthitoutcomes.com/ doc/pros-and-cons-of-remote-patient-monitoring-0001.## ##

House of People Participation in Health: A place to attend people's representatives to plan, implement and monitor health programs خانه مشارکت مردم در سلامت: محلی برای حضور نمایندگان مردم در برنامه ریزی، اجرا و نظارت بر برنامه های حوزه سلامت 2 1 به منظور جلب مشارکت های مردمی به عنوان یکی از اصول مراقبت های اولیه بهداشتی (PHC) و حلقه مفقوده اجتماعی شدن نظام سلامت،” خانه و شورای مشارکت مردم ” با مشارکت میانجی های مردمی ذیل کارگروه سلامت و امنیت غذایی استان در دو سطح استانی و شهرستانی تشکیل می گردد. اعضای شورای مشارکت مردمی، نمایندگان تشکل های مردمی موجود در سطح استان می باشند که با همکاری میانجیان شبکه خود، پیام های سلامتی را به مردم انتقال داده و مطالبات مردم را در شورا مطرح می کنند تا به این طریق در برنامه های جامع سلامت مشارکت داشته باشند 2 The House of Public Participation in Health has been established to attract public participation as one of the principles of primary health care (PHC) and the missing link of socialization of the health system, with the participation of public mediators at both provincial and city levels. Members of the People's Participation Council are representatives of grassroots organizations at the provincial level that transmit health messages to the people and raise the demands of the people in the council with the cooperation of their network mediators, in this way, people can participate in comprehensive health programs. 283 284 2020/12/32021/07/9 1400/4/18 2021/12/292021/12/29 1400/10/8 سعید حسینی Saeed Hosseini 1. Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ایران saeed.hosseini2014@gmail.com ولی بهره ور Vali Bahrevar 3. Department of Health Education & Health Promotion, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ایران Bahrevar91@yahoo.com محمدحسن لطفی Mohammad Hassan Lotfi 1. Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ایران mhlotfi56359@gmail.com There is no keywords بدون کلیدواژه 1. Lawn JE, Rohde J, Rifkin S, et al. Alma-Ata 30 years on: revolutionary, relevant, and time to revitalise. The Lancet. 2008;372(9642):917-27.##Rohde J, Cousens S, Chopra M, et al. 30 years after Alma-Ata: has primary health care worked in countries? The Lancet. 2008;372(9642):950-61.##Walley J, Lawn JE, Tinker A, et al. Primary health care: making Alma-Ata a reality. The Lancet. 2008;372(9642): 1001-7.##Hatami H, Razavi S, Eftekhar A, e. Textbook of public health. Tehran: Arjmand. 2004:77-87.##Bagheri Kahkesh M, Mahmoudi Majdabadi M, Riahi L,et al. Factors affecting the occurrence of public participation in the health system: A comparative study. Iran Journal Health Insurance. 2020;3(2):116-2 [Presian].##Mohamadi NK, Bahreini F. A Review on the Role of Community Participation in Health Promotion Programs. Depiction of Health. 2019;10(4):310-8.##Bahrevar V, Hosseini S, Lotfi MH. Council of Health Messengers: A Tool to Strengthen Cross-SectoralCollaboration. Journal of Community Health Research. 2021;10(2):103-4.## ##

The Effectiveness of Training Bowen's Family Therapy Approach on Marital Satisfaction of Married Women in AligodarzCity (In the West of Iran), in 2019 اثربخشی آموزش رویکرد خانواده درمانی بوئن بر رضایت زناشویی زنان متأهل شهرستان الیگودرز (غرب ایران) در سال 1398 2 1 مقدمه: رضایت زناشویی یکی از مهمترین نشانه های ارتباط مطلوب بین زوجین است.این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثربخشی آموزش رویکرد خانواده درمانی بوئن بر "رضایت زناشویی" زنان متأهل شهرستان الیگودرز (غرب ایران) انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: این پژوهش یک مطالعه نیمه تجربی با طرح پیش آزمون – پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه زنان متأهل مراجعه کننده به مراکز مشاوره خانواده شهرستان الیگودرز در سال 1398 بودند. 30 خانم متأهل از طریق روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب و وارد مطالعه شدند. پس از ثبت نمرات آزمودنی ها در مرحله پیش آزمون، گروه آزمایش در معرض مداخله (دوره آموزشی) قرار گرفت اما بر روی گروه کنترل هیچ عملیاتی انجام نشد. جمع آوری داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه دموگرافیک و مقیاس رضایت زناشویی انریچ (1989) انجام شد. برای توصیف از شاخص های فراوانی، میانگین و انحراف معیار استفاده شد و برای بررسی همگنی دو گروه به لحاظ متغیرهای مطالعه از آزمون کای دو استفاده و برای تحلیل نهایی از تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره استفاده شد. تمامی آنالیزها در نرم افزارSPSS نسخه 24 و با در نظر گرفتن سطح معنی داری 5 درصد انجام شد. یافته ها: یافته های توصیفی نشان داد که میانگین و انحراف معیار نمره کل متغیر رضایت زناشویی در مرحله پیش آزمون و پس آزمون به ترتیب در گروه آزمایش (89/26) 60/131 و (24/25) 81/142 و در گروه کنترل (09/24) 66/132 و (92/21) 26/132 بود. یافته های استنباطی نشان داد که رویکرد خانواده درمانی بوئن بر برخی از ابعاد رضایت زناشویی (جهت گیری مذهبی، برابری زن و مرد، فرزند و فرزند پروری، روابط جنسی، مدیریت مالی، حل تعارض و رضایت زناشویی) تأثیر معناداری دارد(p<0/05). از سوی دیگر این رویکرد در بهبود سایر ابعاد رضایت زناشویی ( رابطه با خانواده و دوستان، اوقات فراغت، روابط زناشویی، مسائل شخصیتی، پاسخ های قراردادی) اثربخش نبود ((p>0/05. نتیجه گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر افزایش رضایت زناشویی زنان متأهل را با استفاده از رویکرد خانواده درمانی بوئن نشان داد. بنابراین توصیه می شود از رویکرد خانواده درمانی بوئن برای بهبود رضایت زناشویی زنان از مشکلات خانوادگی استفاده شود. 2 Background: Marital satisfaction is one of the most important signs of a favorable relationship between couples.This research aimed to survey the effectiveness of training using Bowen's family therapy approach on marital satisfaction of married women in the city of Aligodarz(In the west of Iran). Methods: This study was aquasi experimental study using a pretest-posttest design with a control group that were done inAligodarzcity in 2019. by convenience sampling, 30 married women were selected and participated in this study. After recording the subjects' scores in the pre-test stage, the experimental group was exposed to the independent variable, but no operations were performed on the control group. Those in experimental group Data gathering was carried out using a demographic questionnaire and ENRICH marital satisfaction scale Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 24 software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods (MANCOVA). Results: Descriptive findings showed that the mean (standard deviation) of the total score of the marital satisfaction variable in the pre-test and post-test stages was 131.60 (26.89) and 142.81 (25.24) in the experimental group and 132.66 (24.09) and 132.26 (21.92) in the control group, respectively.The inferential findings showed that Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on some of the dimensions of marital satisfaction (religious orientation, equality of women and men, children and parenting, sexual relation, financial management, conflict resolution, and marital satisfaction) (p< 0.05). On the other hand, this approach was not practical in improving other aspects of marital satisfaction (relationship with family and friends, leisure time, marital relationship, personality issues, and contractual responses) (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The present study results showed an increase in marital satisfaction of married women using the Bowen family therapy approach. Therefore, it is recommended to use Bowen's family therapy approach to improve women's marital satisfaction with family problems 285 295 2020/12/32021/07/92020/06/23 1399/4/3 2021/12/292021/12/292021/12/29 1400/10/8 سعیده محرابی saeedeh mehrabi Department of Psychology, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran ایران mehrabiisaeedeh1372@gmail.com سحر خانجانی وشکی sahar khanjani veshki Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran ایران S-khanjani@araku.ac.ir Bowen's family therapy approach Marital satisfaction Married Aligodarz رویکرد خانواده درمانی بوئن رضایت زناشویی زنان متأهل الیگودرز Lim J, Lee S. The mediating effect of differentiation of self between the family of origin experiences and their marital satisfaction among Korean married women. International Information Institute (Tokyo) Information. 2017;20(3A):1667-74.## Khatamsaz B, Forouzandeh E, Ghaderi D. 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Effectiveness of Psychodrama on the Body Image of Senior High Female Students in Tehran , District 15 اثربخشی روان نمایشگری بر تصویر بدن دانش آموزان دختر مقطع دوم متوسطه منطقه 15 شهر تهران 2 1 مقدمه : در این پژوهش تأثیر روان نمایشگری بر تصویر بدن دانش‌آموزان دختر مقطع راهنمایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش: در این مطالعه نیمه تجربی، کلیه دانش‌آموزان دختر مقطع راهنمایی که در سال تحصیلی 96-1395 در مقطع متوسطه شهرتهران مشغول به تحصیل بودند، به عنوان جامعه آماری انتخاب شدند. از بین دبیرستان های منطقه 15 تهران، یک مدرسه به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شد. آنها توسط پرسشنامه چندبعدی روابط بدن-خود (MBSRQ) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. 24 دانش آموز دختر به طور تصادفی انتخاب و در دو گروه آزمایش و گواه گمارده شدند. سپس 8 جلسه 1.5 ساعته روان نمایشگری برای گروه آزمایش انجام شد، اما گروه کنترل هیچ مداخله ای دریافت نکردند. علاوه بر آمار توصیفی، تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره برای ارزیابی اثربخشی روان نمایشگری بر تصویر بدن دانش‌آموزان انجام شد و برای تمامی تحلیل‌ها از نرم‌افزار SPSS-25 استفاده شد (0/05>p). یافته ها: در این تحلیل، دانش‌آموزان دختر نوجوان، سال دوم دبیرستان با میانگین سنی 14/34 سال شرکت داشتند. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که میانگین ± انحراف م/عیار مؤلفه رضایت جسمانی از پیش آزمون (3/65± 25/08) به پس آزمون (4/85±32/50) تغییر بیشتری داشت. همچنین میانگین ± انحراف معیار تصویر بدن از پیش آزمون (12/33 ±144/50) به پس آزمون (12/96± 165/165) افزایش یافت نتیجه گیری: نتاج نشان می دهد، روان نمایشگری تاثیر قابل توجهی دربهبود تصویر بدن دانش آموزان دختر انتخاب شده در این پژوهش داشت. 2 Introduction: In this study the effect of psychodrama on body image of female students at secondary school has been examined. Method: In this quasi experimental study, all the female students at secondary school who were studying at high school in academic year 2016-2017 in Tehran were selected as a statistical society. Among the high schools in Tehran's 15th district, one school was selected by Purposive sampling method. They were examined by the Multidimensional Body-Self Relationships Questionnaire (MBSRQ). 24 female students were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control groups. Then, 8 sessions of 1.5 hours of psychodrama were performed for the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. In addition to descriptive statistics, Multivariate analysis of covariance were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the psychodrama on the body image of students and the SPSS-25 software was used for all the analyses (p>0.05. ( Results: In this analysis, the second-year high school student participants were adolescent girls with an average age of 14.34 years. The results the study showed The Mean ±SD of physical satisfaction component had more change from pre-test (25.08± 3.65) to post-test (32.50 ±4.85). Moreover, The Mean ±SD of the body image increased from pre-test (144.50 ±12.33) to post-test (16.165 ± 12.96). Conclusion: Psychodrama had remarkable improvement on body image of female students who were selected in this research 296 305 2020/12/32021/07/92020/06/232020/12/17 1399/9/27 2021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/29 1400/10/8 سرور عرب پور خانمیرزایی soroor arabpour Msc, clinical psychology, Faculty of Institute for Research and Development in the Humanities, Science and Research university, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ایران soroor.arabpour@gmail.com مهدی زارع بهرام آبادی Mahdi Zare Bahramabadi Associate Professor; Faculty Member of Institute for Research and Development in the Humanities, SAMT, Tehran, Iran ایران فاطمه خرمیان Fatemeh Khoramian Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ایران Psychodrama Body image Adolescents : Psychodrama Body image Adolescents Gopnik A, O'Grady S, Lucas CG, et al. 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The Effectiveness of training the acceptance, commitment and problem-solving skills on reducing the emotional divorce and the marital frustration اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های پذیرش و تعهد و حل‌مسأله بر کاهش طلاق عاطفی و سرخوردگی زناشویی 2 1 پمقدمه: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر آموزش مهارت‌های پذیرش، تعهد و حل مساله بر کاهش طلاق عاطفی و سرخوردگی زناشویی انجام شد. روش: روش پژوهش با توجه به ماهیت موضوع نیمه آزمایشی، با طرح پیش‌آزمون پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل انتخاب شد. جامعه‌ی آماری زوجین مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز مشاوره خانواده در سال 1398 شهر کرمان بودند. نمونه‌ی پژوهش متشکل از 30 زوج شرکت‌کننده در فراخوان بودند که به صورت نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل تقسیم شدند. آموزشِ پذیرش، تعهد و حل مساله طی هشت جلسه‌ی دو ساعته به زوجین گروه آزمایش ارائه شد. محتوای آموزش در مورد مشکلات زوجین در روابط زناشویی، انتخاب یک ارزش زناشویی مشترک و ارائه ی یک راه حل بر مبنای آن، و شناسایی موانع درونی و بیرونی عمل بر اساس ارزش‌ها بود. برای سنجش آزمودنی‌ها در دو گروه، از پرسشنامه‌های طلاق عاطفی و سرخوردگی زناشویی که قبل و بعد مداخله کامل گشته‌اند استفاده شد. در راستای تحلیل داده‌ها، مقدار میانگین، انحراف معیار، و تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره (MANCOVA) استفاده شد. در ادامه نسخه‌ی 22 نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده گشت. سطح معنی داری در این پژوهش (p=0.05) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج: نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس برای شرکت کننده‌گان که زوجینی در سنین 30 تا 60 سال با حداقل پنج سال سابقه‌ی زناشویی بودند نشان داد که آموزشِ پذیرش، تعهد و حل مساله بر کاهش طلاق عاطفی و سرخوردگی موثر بود. در حالی که میانگین برای طلاق عاطفی در پیش‌آزمون (M=14.33) بود، نتایج در پس‌آزمون به (M=11.80) تغییر یافت. همچنین سرخوردگی زناشویی از (M=48.93) در پیش آزمون به مقدار (M=44.60) تغییر کرد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه با نتایج شاید لازم باشد در مداخلات آموزشی و درمانی مربوط به کاهش طلاق عاطفی و سرخوردگی زوجین نقش جدی‌تری برای آموزشِ پذیرش، تعهد و حل مسأله قائل شویم. واژگان کلیدی: آموزش، پذیرش، تعهد، حل مساله، طلاق 2 This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the acceptance, commitment and problem-solving skills training on reducing the emotional divorce and the marital frustration. The research method, with regard to the quasi-experimental nature of the subject, was selected with a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was the couples attending the Family counselling centers in Kerman city in 2019. The study sample involved 30 participating couples who were selected using available and simple random sampling and were divided into two experimental and control groups. Training the acceptance, commitment and problem-solving was presented to the couples in the experimental group during eight two-hour sessions, while the control group was in the waiting phase. To assess the subjects in both groups, the Emotional divorce questionnaire (Guttmann, 1994), and the Marital Frustration questionnaire (Nihouse and Bartel, 2006) were used. The results of the covariance analysis showed that training the acceptance, commitment and problem-solving was effective on reducing the emotional divorce and frustration. This effect was stronger on reducing the frustration. According to the results, maybe we need to consider a more serious role for training the acceptance, commitment and problem-solving in the educational and therapeutic interventions related to reducing the emotional divorce and the marital frustration of the couples. 306 315 2020/12/32021/07/92020/06/232020/12/172020/10/19 1399/7/28 2021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/29 1400/10/8 آیلین شهابی Ailin Shahabi MA in family counseling, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman ایران shahabi.ailin2018@gmail.com عباس رحمتی Abbas Rahmati professor of family counseling, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman ایران نوشیروان خضری مقدم Noshirvan Khezri Moghadam Associate Professor Psychology Department, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran ایران training acceptance commitment problem solving divorce واژگان کلیدی: آموزش پذیرش تعهد حل مساله طلاق 1. 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The Effectiveness of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Therapy on Alexithymia and Marital Boredom, Case study: Women Affected by Marital Infidelity in Mashhad, Iran اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد گروهی و شناخت درمانی بر ناگویی خلقی و دلزدگی زناشویی، مطالعه موردی: زنان آسیب دیده از خیانت زناشویی شهر مشهد، ایران. 2 1 مقدمه : با توجه به افزایش روزافزون خیانت و تعارضات زناشویی در دنیای معاصر، به نظر می رسد که جهت پیشگیری از طلاق و بهبود روابط زوجین استفاده از ابزار و برخی مداخلات ضروری می باشد. لذا، مطالعه حاضر با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی درمان گروهی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد (ACT) و شناخت درمانی گروهی (CT) بر ناگویی خلقی و دلزدگی زناشویی زنان آسیب دیده از خیانت زناشویی شهر مشهد صورت گرفت. روش : طرح پژوهش حاضر نیمه تجربی می باشد که در سال 1398 برروی 30 نفر از زنان آسیب دیده از خیانت زناشویی مراجعه کننده به مرکز مشاوره دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شهر مشهد در سه گروه ACT (n=10) و CT (n=10)،کنترل (n=10) انجام گردید. گروه های مداخله تحت 12 جلسه گروهی ACT و CT به هر جلسه به مدت 90 دقیقه و هفته ای یکبار قرار گرفتند. داده ها توسط مقیاس ناگویی خلقی تورنتو و دلزدگی زناشویی پاینز در طی دو مرحله قبل از مداخله و پس از مداخله جمع آوری و با استفاده از آزمون مانکوا و نرم افزار SPSS 22مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته ها : نتایج نشان داد میانگین نمره دلزدگی زناشویی در گروه ACT در مقایسه با گروه CT و میانگین نمره ناگویی خلقی در گروه CT در مقایسه با گروه ACT به طور معناداری کاهش یافته است (P<0.05). نتیجه گیری : اگرچه هر دو روش ACT و CT بر ناگویی خلقی و دلزدگی زناشویی زنان آسیب دیده از خیانت زناشویی موثر بودند ولی تاثیر ACT بر دلزدگی زناشویی و تاثیر CT برناگویی خلقی بیشتر بود. 2 Introduction: The aim of current paper was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy (ACT) and group cognitive therapy (GCT) on Alexithymia and marital boredom (MB) among women affected by marital infidelity in Mashhad. Method: This clinical trial was a double- blind study with a pretest-posttest design in which two intervention groups and one control group were investigated. The study performed on women who realized their spouse infidelity and referred to Azad University Counseling Center in Mashhad in 2018. The sample consisted of 30 women who were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to two intervention groups and a control group (n=10 per group). The intervention groups were put under ACT training (twelve 90-minute sessions) and GCT training (twelve 90-minute sessions), but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data was obtained by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 and Pines Marital Boredom Scale and was analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS (version 22) software. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in the mean score of MB in the ACT group, also there was a significant reduction in the mean score of Alexithymia in the GCT group (P <0.05). So comparing both therapies, ACT was more influential on reducing marital boredom whereas GCT was more effective on reducing alexithymia. Conclusion: Although both intervention methods were effective on Alexithymia and Marital Boredom in women affected by marital infidelity, it was demonstrated that ACT and GCT have more effect on Marital Boredom and Alexithymia, respectively. 316 327 2020/12/32021/07/92020/06/232020/12/172020/10/192020/08/19 1399/5/29 2021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/29 1400/10/8 مریم صادقی Maryam Sadeghi PhD student of General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran ایران m.sadeghi919@gmail.com نعیمه محب Naeimeh Moheb Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran ایران moheb.n@yahoo.com مرضیه علیوندی وفا Marziyeh Alivandi Vafa Assistant Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran ایران M.alivand@iaut.ac.ir Marital Infidelity Marital Boredom Alexithymia Group Cognitive Therapy Acceptance and Commitment Therapy خیانت زناشویی دلزدگی زناشویی ناگویی خلقی شناخت درمانی گروهی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد Isma MNP, Turnip SS. 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Journal of Educational Administration Research. 2015; 6(1): 148-68. [Persian]## Vaghee S, Salarhaji A, Kashani Lotfabadi M, et al. Comparing the Effect of Contact-based Education with Acceptance and Commitment Training on Destigmatization Toward Psychiatric Disorders in Nursing Students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. 2017; 11(2): 1-9. [Persian]## Wilski M, Gabryelski J, Brola W, et al. Health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: Links to acceptance, coping strategies and disease severity. Disability and Health Journal. 2019; 12(4): 608-14. ## Berghoff CR, Forsyth JP, Ritzert TR, et al. Comparing paths to quality of life: Contributions of ACT and cognitive therapy intervention targets in two highly anxious samples. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. 2014; 3(2): 89-97. ## Razmpush M, Ramezani K, Maredpoor A, et al. The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Training on Quality of Life and Resilience of Nurses. The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam. 2019; 7(1): 62-51.[Persian]## Amani A, Eisa Nejad O, Alipour E. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on marital distress, marital conflict and optimism in married women visited the counseling center of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Kermanshah. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry. 2018; 5(1): 42-64. [Persian]## Mohammadi Z, Borjali A, Sohrabi F. Effectiveness based on acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life women heads of household conducted in Tehran welfare Organization. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry. 2018; 5(5): 81-91. [Persian]## Keyvanpour P, LotfiKashani F. The impact of acceptance -commitment therapy(ACT) in increasing rate of marital satisfaction in married women. Journal of Educational and Management studies 2014; 4(3): 614-6.[ Persian]## Peterson BD, Eifert GH, Feingold T, et al. 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Internet Addiction and the Pattern of Internet Use among Under Graduate Medical Students: A Cross- Sectional Study from North India 2 2 Introduction: Excessive use of the Internet affects the academic achievements of students. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction and the pattern of Internet use among undergraduate medical students. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 177 undergraduate medical students in batch 2016, 2017 and 2018, who were included in this study by convenience sampling method. The study tool was Young’s Internet Addiction Test containing questions regarding the pattern of Internet use. Data entry and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS version 21. Qualitative data were described in terms of frequency and percentage while quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Chi square test and multiple linear regression were used to find out the relationship between various factors and Internet Addiction (IA). The significance level was considered 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.3 years (± 1.19), and 62 % of the subjects were males. The prevalence rate of Internet Addiction (IA) was found to be 56.5% and42.9% of them were in mild and 13.6% were in moderate addiction category. Being male (β= -0.143, p=0.038), staying at a hostel (β= 0.167, p=0.018), not having a time preference for using the Internet (β= -0.174, p=0.012), spending more time on the Internet everyday (β= 0.201, p=0.000), being always online (β= 0.276, p=0.000) and more years of using the Internet (β= 0.175, p=0.015) were significantly related with IA in students. Conclusion: A large proportion of medical students were found to be addicted to the Internet. Therefore, this issue should be addressed immediately. 328 336 2020/12/32021/07/92020/06/232020/12/172020/10/192020/08/192020/08/20 1399/5/30 2021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/29 1400/10/8 . Priyanka Priyanka Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India India priyankavirdi@yahoo.com RK Pal RK Pal ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, India Iran rkpal.nhsrc@gmail.com Internet addiction medical students prevalence pattern Internet World Stats. World Internet usage and Population Statistics. Available from: http://www.internetworldstats. com/stats.htm [Accessed 26 October 2020].##Young KS. Internet addiction: symptoms, evaluation and treatment. Innovations in clinical practice: A source book. 1999;17(17):351-2.##Taha MH, Shehzad K, Alamro AS, et al. Internet Use and Addiction Among Medical Students in Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. 2019; 19(2):142-147.##Zhang MWB, Lim RBC, Lee C, Ho RCM. Prevalence of Internet Addiction in Medical Students: a Meta-analysis. Acad Psychiatry. 2018;42(1):88-93.##Khosa, Z., Bazai, M. Y., Khosa, A. Z., et al. Medical Students and Internet Addiction: A Study at Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences Quetta, Pakistan. Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020; 22(3), 31-40.##Frangos CC, Fragkos KC, Kiohos A. Internet addiction among Greek university students: Demographic associations with the phenomenon, using the Greek version of Young's Internet Addiction Test. International J Economic Sci and Applied Res 2010;3:49-74.##Haroon MZ, Zeb Z, Javed Z, Awan Z, Aftab Z, Talat W. Internet addiction in medical students. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2018;30(4 Suppl 1):S659-63.##Anand N, Jain PA, Prabhu S, et al. Internet use patterns, internet addiction, and psychological distress among engineering university students: Indian journal of psychological medicine. 2018;40(5):458-67.##Krishnamurthy S, Chetlapalli SK. Internet addiction: Prevalence and risk factors: A cross-sectional study among college students in Bengaluru, the Silicon Valley of India. Indian journal of public health. 2015;59(2):115.##Ahmer Z, Tanzil S. Internet addiction among social networking sites users: Emerging mental health concern among medical undergraduates of Karachi. Pakistan Journal of medical sciences. 2018;34(6):1473.##Keser H, Esgi N, Unver TK, et al. Validity and reliability study of the Internet Addiction Test. Mevlana International Journal of Education 2013; 3(4):202-222.##Goel D, Subramanyam A, Kamath R. A study on the prevalence of internet addiction and its association with psychopathology in Indian adolescents. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;55(2):140.##Kayastha B, Gurung A, Chawal R. A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Internet Addiction among Adolescents: A Case Study of High Schools in Mangalore. J Child Adolesc Behav 2008;6(3): 378.##Gedam SR, Ghosh S, Modi L, et al. Study of internet addiction: Prevalence, pattern, and psychopathology among health professional undergraduates Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2017;33(4):305.##Ahmadi J, Amiri A, Ghanizadeh A, et al. Prevalence of Addiction to the Internet, Computer Games, DVD, and Video and its relationship to Anxiety and Depression in a Sample of Iranian High School Students. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences. 2014;8(2):75.##Ezoel S, Toda M. Relationships of loneliness and mobile phone dependence with Internet addiction in Japanese medical students. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013;3:407-412.##Bener A, Bhugra D. Lifestyle and depressive risk factors associated with problematic internet use in adolescents in an Arabian Gulf culture. Journal of addiction medicine. 2013;7(4):236-42.##Kim Y, Park JY, Kim SB, et al. The effects of Internet addiction on the lifestyle and dietary behavior of Korean adolescents. Nutrition research and practice. 2010;4(1):51-7.##Sahraian A, Hedayati S B, Mani A, et al. Internet Addiction Based on Personality Characteristics in Medical Students, Shiraz E-Medical Journal. 2016;17(10)##Li W, O'Brien JE, Snyder SM, et al. Characteristics of internet addiction/pathological internet use in U.S. university students: a qualitative-method investigation. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117372.##Evren C, Dalbudak E, Evren B, et al. High risk of Internet addiction and its relationship with lifetime substance use, psychological and behavioral problems among 10(th) grade adolescents. Psychiatr Danub. 2014;26(4):330-339.##Meral, Ağır S. Students' Attitudes Towards Learning, A Study on Their Academic Achievement and Internet Addiction. World Journal of Education 2019;9(4):109-122.##Sharma A, Sahu R, Kasar PK, et al. Internet addiction among professional courses students: A study from Central India. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health 2014;3:1069-1073.##Üneri1 OS, Tanıdır C. Evaluation of Internet Addiction in a Group of High School Students: A Cross-sectional Study. The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences. 2011;24(4):265-72.##Kandell, J. J. Internet Addiction on Campus: The Vulnerability of College Students. Cyber Psychology & Behavior;1:11-17.##Hasmujaj, E. Internet Addiction and loneliness among students of University of Shkodra. 2016; 12(29): 397.## ##

Epidemiological Characteristics and the Trend of Animal Bites during the years 2014-2018 روند بروز حیوان گزیدگی در شهرستان شیروان- مطالعه طولی طی سال های 1396-1392 2 1 مقدمه: گزش حیوانات یک تهدید جدی و خطرناک برای سلامت انسان است. بیشترین میزان شیوع حیوان گزیدگی در ایران در گلستان، اردبیل و سپس خراسان است. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی ویژگی‌های اپیدمیولوژیک و روند حیوان‌گزیدگی طی سال‌های 1396-1392 پرداخت. روش کار: این مطالعه مقطعی تحلیلی بر روی موارد انسانی مشکوک به هاری که توسط مرکز بهداشت شیروان جمع آوری شده بود، انجام شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از شاخص‌های آمار توصیفی (فراوانی و درصد، میانگین و انحراف معیار) و رسم نمودارهای مناسب توصیف و از روش تجزیه در نرم‌افزار SPSS19 برای تخمین موارد حیوان گزیدگی بهره بردیم. یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه از 3784 مورد گازگرفتگی توسط حیوانات، 2821 مورد با حمله ناگهانی اتفاق افتاد. بیشتر گزارش ها ناشی از گاز گرفتن توسط سگ بود. همچنین روند حیوان‌گزیدگی طی سال‌های 1396-1392 رو به افزایش بود و نمودارها نشان می‌داد که این روند در یکسال آینده نیز رو به افزایش خواهد بود. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به روند رو به افزایش حیوان گزیدگی، انجام اقدامات اساسی از جمله آموزش گروه های در معرض خطر، تشکیل کمیته امحای سگ های ولگرد و تقویت سیستم مراقبت و برنامه ایمن سازی ضروری است. 2 Background: Animal bite is a serious and dangerous threat to human health. The highest prevalence rate of animal bite in Iran is in Golestan, Ardabil and, then Khorasan. The present study examined the epidemiological characteristics and the trend of animal bites during 2014-2018. Methods: This analytical cross sectional study was conducted on human cases suspected of rabies, which were collected by Shirvan Health Center. Data were described using descriptive statistics indicators (frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation) and drawing appropriate graphs, and decomposition method was used in SPSS19 software to estimate the animal bites. Results: In this study, out of 3784 cases bitten by animals, 2821 happened by a sudden attack. Most reports of the animal bite were from dogs. Also, the trend of animal bite during 2014-2018 was increasing and the charts showed that the trend will continue to increase the next year. Conclusion: Due to the increasing trend of animal bites, it is necessary to take basic measures such as training endangered groups, forming a committee to eliminate stray dogs, and strengthening the care system and immunization program. 337 344 2020/12/32021/07/92020/06/232020/12/172020/10/192020/08/192020/08/202020/09/3 1399/6/13 2021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/292021/12/29 1400/10/8 یاسمن آذری Yasaman Azari Member of the Student Research Committee of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran ایران yasaman.azari9441@gmail.com مهدی صادقی مقدم Mehdi Sadeghi Moghadam Disease Specialists, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran ایران sadmhdy65@gmail.com جعفر خدابنده Jafar Khodabandeh Disease Specialists, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran ایران jkh.6797@gmail.com اندیشه حامدی Andishe Hamedi M.Sc. in Epidemiology, Faculty Member of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Bojnourd, Iran ایران ahamedi1364@gmail.com Animal Bite Epidemiology Rabies Iran حیوان گزیدگی اپیدمیولوژی هاری ایران Willoughby Jr RE, Tieves KS, Hoffman GM, et al. Survival after treatment of rabies with induction of coma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005;352(24):2508-14.##Pourmarzi D, Razi M. Incidence rate of rabies vaccination delay after dog bite in Guilan province. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery. 2015;25(3):17-26.##WHO. Animal bites 2013 [Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs373/en/.##Naghibi SA, YazdaniCharati J, Shojaie J. Epidemiological characteristic of animal-bite cases in Mazandaran, 2004-2011. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014;24(117):218-24.##Dhand NK, Gyeltshen T, Firestone S, et al. Dog bites in humans and estimating human rabies mortality in rabies endemic areas of Bhutan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(11):e1391.##Karbeyaz K, Ayranci U. A Forensic and Medical Evaluation of Dog Bites in a Province of W estern T urkey. Journal of forensic sciences. 2014;59(2):505-9.##Rezaeinasab M, Rad I, Bahonar A, et al. The prevalence of rabies and animal bites during 1994 to 2003 in Kerman province, southeast of Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2007;8(4):343-50.##mohammadi N, karimi M, afkhamzadeh A. investigation of animal bites prevalence in human population of sanandajurban and rural areas during the period of 7 years (2008 to 2014). 2017.##Dehghani R SM, SHarif A, Moghimi A, et al. Animal bites and its associated agents in Semirom city of Isfahan province, 2007-2011. Quarterly Journal of Infectious and Tropical Diseases affiliated with the Association of Infectious and Tropical Disease Specialists. 2013;18(61):45-8.##Babaeeian-moghaddam M, Hashemi-nazari SS, Khodakarim S. Epidemiological study on animal bite cases and its related injury in Quchan district in2013. Irtiqā-yi īminī va pīshgīrī az maṣdūmiyat/ha (ie, Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2015;3(1):9-14.##Maleka A, Behnampour N, Mirkarimi SK. The epidemiologic status of animal bite and the effect of wasting stray dogs on the incidence of animal bites in Galikesh County since 2009 until 2013. Jorjani Biomedicine Journal. 2018;5(2):91-6.##Ghasemi M HZ, Bagherabadi S. Epidemiology of animal bites in Kermanshah 2010-2014. Quarterly Journal of Infectious and Tropical Diseases affiliated with the Association of Infectious and Tropical Disease Specialists 2016;21(74):39-45.##Ghafouri M, Yaghubi M, Seyed Sharifi S. An Epidemiologic Study of Animal Bites in Bojnurd City 2005-2011. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. 2015;7(1):123-31.##Fayaz A, Simani S, Janani A, et al. Epidemiological survey of rabies in Mazandaran Province during 1996-2006. 2010.## ##