The Effect of Edible Coating Containing Plant Extract on Inhibiting the Growth of Aflatoxin in Nuts تاثیر پوشش خوراکی عصاره گیاه بر جلوگیری از رشد آفلاتوکسین 2 1 سالانه 20٪ از محصولات غذایی تولید شده در جهان توسط سموم قارچی به مایکوتوکسین ها آلوده می شوند. آفلاتوکسین ها متابولیت های قارچی ثانویه هستند که توسط گونه های سمی قارچ های Aspergillus و Penicillium تولید می شوند. این ترکیبات بسیار سمی و سرطان زا هستند و به عنوان مواد جهش زا در جهان شناخته می شوند. با این حال ، مهمترین عامل آلودگی آجیل به آفلاتوکسین ، قرار گرفتن در معرض آلودگی قارچی در باغ است. تاکنون روش های مختلفی برای شناسایی این آلاینده ها استفاده شده است ، از جمله کروماتوگرافی مایع با عملکرد بالا (HPLC) و ﺳﺘﻮن اﻳﻤﻨﻮاﻓﻴﻨﻴﺘﻲ 2 که به طور گسترده ای در تشخیص آفلاتوکسین پسته و سایر محصولات کشاورزی در زمینه های تحقیقاتی و تجاری استفاده می شود. 2 Nutrition science has proven a great deal of benefits to nuts. In addition to providing a healthy diet, these foods can reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases, including Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (1). Application of nuts is not only limited to health, but also plays an important role in the field of export and economic prosperity. It seems that the health quality of plant seeds such as pistachios and almonds has been effective in reducing the global market share of these products (2). Annually, 20% of food products produced in the world are contaminated with mycotoxins by fungal toxins. Aflatoxins are secondary fungal metabolites produced by toxic species of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi (3). These compounds are highly toxic and carcinogenic and are known as mutagenic substances in the world. These carcinogenic compounds are produced by some species of Aspergillus at various stages, including harvesting, transporting, or storage (4). However, the most important factor in nuts contamination with aflatoxin is exposure to fungal contamination in the garden. So far, several methods have been used to detect these contaminants, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunoaffinity 2 columns widely used in the detection of pistachio aflatoxin and other agricultural products in the research and commercial fields (5). 139 140 2020/02/17 1398/11/28 2020/09/20 1399/6/30 مهرنوش شیردلی mehrnoosh shirdeli 1. Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd, Iran Iran مریم سعادت شهیدی Maryam Sadat Shahidi 2. Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran Iran amenemarzban@yahoo.com Matthew Shirani Matthew Shirani 3. Department of biological Science, Chandler-Gilbert Community College, Maricopa County, Arizona, United States of America America amenemarzban@yahoo.com آمنه مرزبان ameneh marzban 4. Department of Human Ecology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd, Iran Iran amenemarzban@yahoo.com فاطمه یعقوبی Fatemeh Yaghoubi 5. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran amenemarzban@yahoo.com Edible coating aflatoxin nuts پوشش خوراکی آفلاتوکسین آجیل 1. Bai SH, Brooks P, Gama R, et al. Nutritional Quality of Almond, Canarium, Cashew and Pistachio and Their Oil Photooxidative Stability. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2019; 56(2): 792-798.##2. Augoustinos, Martha; Crabb, Shona; Shepherd, Richard. Genetically Modified Food in the News: Media Representations of the GM Debate in the UK. Public Understanding of Science.‌ 2010; 19(1): 98-114.##3. Macheleidt J, Mattern DJ, Fischer J, et al. Regulation and Role of Fungal Secondary Metabolites. Annual Review of Genetics. 2016; 50: 371-392.##4. Šimko P. Factors Affecting Elimination of Carcinogenic Compounds from Food Products. Emerging and Traditional Technologies for Safe, Healthy and Quality Food: Springer. 2015: 55-66.##5. Sabet FS, Hosseini M, Khabbaz H, et al. FRET-Based Aptamer Biosensor for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Peanut and Rice. Food Chemistry. 2017; 220:527-532.##6. Huertas-Pérez JF, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Hitzler D, et al. Simple Determination of Aflatoxins in Rice by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Chemical Post-Column Derivatization and Fluorescence Detection. Food Chemistry. 2018; 245:189-195.##7. Lednev VN, Sdvizhenskii PA, Grishin MY, et al. Laser Crater Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Optics Letters. 2017; 42(3):607-610.##8. Majeed S. Analysis, Inhibition and Degradation of Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs: Department of Biotechnology Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018.##9. Prakash B, Kedia A, Mishra PK, et al. Plant Essential Oils as Food Preservatives to Control Moulds, Mycotoxin Contamination and Oxidative Deterioration of Agri-Food Commodities–Potentials and Challenges. Food Control. 2015; 47:381-391.##10. Kosalec I, Cvek J, Tomić S. Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal Products. Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju. 2009; 60(4): 485-500.## ##

Epidemiological Study of Tuberculosis in Health Centers of Yazd City during 2005-2014 مطالعه اپیدمیولوژیکی سل در مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر یزد طی سالهای 1393-1384 2 1 مقدمه: سل یکی از مهمترین بیماریهای عفونی ناشی از سل مایکوباکتریوم (MB) در قرن اخیر می باشد. با وجود فناوری های پزشکی جدید و داروهای موثر ، هنوز هم باعث مرگ انسان می شود. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی روند و عوامل موثر بر شیوع سل در شهر یزد از سال 1384 تا 1393 انجام شد. روش ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی ، پرونده پزشکی بیماران سل که از سال 1384 تا 1393 به مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی یزد مراجعه کرده بودند ، بررسی گردید. فراوانی ، میانگین ، انحراف معیار و فاصله اطمینان، 95٪ برای داده های کمی و فراوانی و درصد آن برای داده های کیفی گزارش شد. مشخصات جمعیتی و بیماری بیماران در یک چک لیست ثبت و با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 16 تجزیه و تحلیل شد که سطح اطمینان آن 95٪ بود. یافته ها: در این مطالعه 882 بیمار سل مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند که از این تعداد 51.9 درصد (458 نفر) مرد 57.7 درصد (509 نفر) ایرانی ، 42.3 درصد (373 نفر) از ملیت های دیگر بودند و 33.8 درصد (298 نفر) آنها بالای 80 سال بودند. میانگین سنی بیماران سل مورد مطالعه 17 ± 49.32 بود. درصد بیماران مبتلا به سل ریوی و بیماران مبتلا به سل خارج ریوی به ترتیب 71٪ (626) و 29٪ (256) بود. نتیجه گیری: این مطالعه نشان می دهد که مسئولان بهداشتی باید توجه بیشتری به بیماری سل در شهر یزد داشته باشند. افزایش استانداردهای زندگی ، پرونده یابی فعال در میان زندانیان ، افزایش آگاهی پزشکان و مردم در مورد خدمات سیستم بهداشتی و درمانی و گرفتن نمونه از بیماران مشکوک می تواند نقش اساسی در کاهش این بیماری داشته باشد. 2 Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important infectious diseases in the recent century caused by Mycobacterium (MB) tuberculosis. Despite new medical technologies and effective drugs, it still causes human deaths. This study aimed to investigate the trend and factors affecting TB prevalence in Yazd city from 2005 to 2014. Methods: In descriptive study, the medical files of TB patients referring to Yazd health and treatment centers from 2005 to 2014 were investigated. frequency, mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval were calculated and reported for quantitative data, and the frequency and percentage are reported for qualitative data.The patients' demographics and disease features were recorded in a checklist and analyzed using SPSS version16 software.Its confidence Level was 95%. Results: In this study, 882 TB patients were studied, out of which 51.9%(458) were male 57.7%(509) were Iranian, 42.3%(373) were from other nationalities, and 33.8%(298) Of Them were over 80 years old . The average age of TB patients studied was 49.32±17. The percentage of patients with pulmonary TB and patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis was 71%(626) and 29%(256), respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that health officials must pay more attention to TB disease in Yazd city. Enhancing life standards, active case-finding among prisoners, increasing physicians' and people's awareness about the health and treatment system services, and taking samples from suspected patients can play a crucial role in decreasing this disease. 141 148 2020/02/172019/10/13 1398/7/21 2020/09/202020/09/20 1399/6/30 حسین حاتمی Hossein Hatami Department of Public Health, School of Health & Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran حسین خانی Hossein Khani Department of Public Health, School of Public health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran Iran محمد حسن لطفی Mohamad Hassan Lotfi Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran عارف عاطفی Aref Atefi Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran محمود فلاحتی Mahmoud Falahati Yazd City Health Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Epidemiological characteristics Mycobacterium tuberculosis Trend of disease Tuberculosis خصوصیات اپیدمیولوژیک مایکوباکتریوم سل روند بیماری سل 1. Mirhaghani L, Nasahi M. National TB Guidelines, Department of health and Medical Education, central management of fighting contagious disease. 2002: 1-90.##2. Rom wn, Garay SM. tuberculosis. Boston: Mass: Little, Brown and Company Publication. 1996: 395-399.##3. Shirazi GH. Tuberculosis and the Principles of Fighting. 2000.##4. Nasehi M, Mirhaghani L. National TB Guidelines, National Technical Committee approved the struggle against tuberculosis. Department of health and Medical Education, central management of fighting contagious diseases.2nd Ed, 2010.##5. Dye C, Lonnroth K, Jaramillo E, et al. Trend in tuberculosis incidence and their determinants in 134 countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2009; 87(9): 683-691.##6. Dye, C, Maher D, Weil D, et al. Targets for global tuberculosis control. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease: the official journal of the International :union: against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2006; 10(4): 460-462.##7. Dye C, Bassill A, Bierrenbach AL, et al. Measuring tuberculosis burden, trends, and the impact of control programmes. The Lancet infectious diseases. 2008; 8(4): 233-243.##8. Azizi F, Hatami H, Janghorbani M. Epidemiology and control of Ccommon Disorders in Iran. 2nd ed. Tehran: Khosravi publisher Institution Publication. 2004. [Persian]##9. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2012. WHO, Geneva. 2012.##10. http://www.cdc.hbi.ir/TB-Situation- in - World.aspx.##11. Kasper DL, braunwald E, Hauser S, et al. Tuberculosis In: Harrison's principle of internal medicin. 17th Edition. USA: McGraw-Hill. 2008: 953-966.##12. Amani F , Bashiri J, Garousee B , et al. Epidemiologic study of TB in Ardabil city in years 2002-2005. Journal of Ardabil University Medical Sciences. 2007; 7(3): 236-241.##13. Raham M, Azrghon A, Zndadel A. Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Lorestan, 2008-2009.Quarterly Research Journal(Yafte). 2012; 14(4): 41-47. [Persian]##14. Mohammadi A, Mansoryan A, Nokandeh Z. Epidemiological study of tuberculosis in Damghan city (Iran) during 2003-2007. Koomesh. 2008; 9(4): 315-320. [Persian]##15. Najaf Zadeh H, Ghorbani K. Epidemiology of tuberculosis in a health center in Rasht city in 86 years. Poster presented at 5th National Congress of Tuberculosis. 2009.##16. Gholami A, Gharehaghaji R, Moosavi L, et al. Epidemiologic Survey of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Urmia city during 2004-2007. Knowledge and Health. 2009; 4(3): 19-23. [Persian]##17. Hazrati S, Khaligh N, Moeini A, et al. Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Ardabil City from 2005 to 2010. Journal Health and highen. 2013; 4(2): 103-109. [Persian]##18. Khalifesoltani S, Afzali H, Arbabi M. Epidemiology of tuberculosis among patients referred to the center against tuberculosis in Kashan, 1993-95. Feyz Journal. 1998; 4(1): 88-81. [Persian]##19. Moeinin L. Epidemiological study of clinical symptoms and paraclinical signs of Tuberculosis patients in hospitalized in ValiAsr Hospital (may 1997-98). Arak Medical University Journal (Rahavard Danesh). 2002; 5(1): 37-41. [Persian]##20. Yousefi R, Bashiriyan S, Mohamadtaheri R. A study on radiologic finding, clinical signs and PPD tests in sputum positive in Hamadan during 1995-1999. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Siences 2000; 15(4): 24-28. [Persian]##21. Sofian M, Zarinfar N, Mirzaee M, et al. Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Arak, Iran. Journal of Semnan University Medical Science (Koomesh). 2009; 10 (4): 261-266. [Persian]##22. Mohamadpour A, Fani MJ , Motallebi M, et al. Epidemiology of Tuberculosis during 1372-1380 in Gonabad city. Journal of Gonabad Faculty Medical Sciences(Ofogh-e-Danesh). 2002; 8(1): 45-51.##23. Alaei K, Mansouri SD, Alaei A. Study on the prevalence rate of clinical tuberculosis in HIV positive in Kermanshah Province, 1998-2001. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2002; 12(35): 20-28 [Persian]##24. Farchi S, Mantovani J, Borgia P , et al. Tuberculosis incidence, hospitalization prevalence and mortality in Lazio, Italy, 1997-2003. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease. 2008; 12(2): 193-198.##25. Zia Sheikholeslami N, Rezaeian M, Heidary A. Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Patients Referred to Rafsanjan Health Centers(2002-2006). Journal Sciences Research Health and Hygen. 2010; 1(1): 66-73. [Persian]##26. SetoudehMaram E, Fararooei M,Incidence of Tuberculosis in Cities of Fars. Journal of Qazvin University of Medical sciences.1999; 3(3): 67-74. [Persian]##27. Lambert ML, Stuyft P, Van der. Delays to tuberculosis treatment: shall we continus to blame the victim?. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2005; 10: 945-946.##28. Wndwalo ER, Morkve O. Delay in tuberculosis case finding and treatment in Mwanz, Tanzania. 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Assessment of Environmental Literacy: A Case Study of Yazd Citizens’ Awareness, Attitudes, and Practices in 2017 بررسی سواد زیست محیطی: مطالعه موردی آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد مردم شهر یزد در سال 1396 2 1 مقدمه: با توجه به اهمیت محیط زیست و نقش اساسی آن در توسعه پایدار و نیز سواد زیست محیطی شهروندان، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی سطح سواد زیست محیطی مردم شهر یزد انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی، حجم نمونه براساس فرمول کوکران، 410 نفر تعیین شد. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته ای بود که در آن سؤالاتی در رابطه با مشخصات دموگرافیک و میزان آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد نسبت به مسائل زیست محیطی مانند آلودگی هوا، مدیریت پسماند، و ... مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روایی صوری پرسشنامه توسط 10 فرد خبره از اعضای هیئت علمی مورد بررسی و پایایی آن با محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 93/0 مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. داده‌ها پس از جمع آوری با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS نسخه 22 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در این مطالعه سطح معنی داری 05/0 در نظر گرفته شد. یافته ها: نمره آگاهی با متغیرهای سن، سطح تحصیلات و وضعیت اشتغال از نظر آماری دارای رابطه معنیداری بود (05/0p<). نگرش تنها با متغیر وضعیت اشتغال ارتباط معنی داری را نشان داد (004/0= p). ارتباط نمره عملکرد نیز با متغیرهای سن، وضعیت تأهل و منطقه محل سکونت از نظر آماری معنی دار بود (05/0p<). بین سن، میزان درآمد و سطوح آگاهی نیز ارتباط معنی دار بود اما با سطوح نگرش ارتباط معنی داری یافت نشد (05/0<p). ارتباط معنی داری بین جنسیت، سطح تحصیلات، وضعیت تأهل، محل سکونت و سطوح آگاهی و نگرش مشاهده نشد (05/0<p). بین نمرات آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد همبستگی مثبت و قوی وجود داشت (28/0 ≥ r ≥ 323/0 001/0 p<). نتیجه گیری: اگرچه آگاهی شهروندان یزدی در مورد برخی از مسائل زیست محیطی پایین به نظر می رسد، اما بطور کلی آگاهی مردم یزد در این زمینه به ویژه در رابطه با مسائل بهداشتی ناشی از آلودگی هوا مناسب بود. با توجه به اهمیت نقش عوامل زیست محیطی، لازم است پژوهش های مختلفی جهت شناسائی و کنترل این عوامل به منظور یافتن راهکارهای مناسب اجرایی انجام شود. 2 Introduction: With regard to the importance of the environment in sustainable development along with environmental literacy among citizens, the present study aimed to assess the levels of environmental literacy among citizens residing in the city of Yazd, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive--analytical study, the sample size was determined based on the Cochran formula of 410 individuals. The data selection tool was also a researcher-made questionnaire comprised of items on demographic characteristics information as well as levels of awareness, attitudes, and practices concerning the environment such as air pollution, waste management, etc. Face validity verified by 10 qualified individuals as the faculty members and Reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.93. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS 22. In this study, significance level was considered as 0.05. Results: awareness score was statistically significant in terms of age, level of education, and employment status (p<0.05). However, attitudes were only in a significant relationship with employment status (p=0.004). The relationship between practice score was also statistically significant with regard to age, marital status, and area of residence (p<0.05). A significant relationship was further observed between age and level of income and level of awareness, but there was no significant relationship considering attitudes (p>0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between awareness, attitude, and practice scores (0.323≥ r ≥0.28, p<0.001). Conclusion: Although awareness among Yazd citizens on some environmental issues was at low levels, in general, their awareness specifically regarding health issues stemming from air pollution was proper. In view of the importance of environmental factors, it is necessary to conduct various research studies to identify and control these factors and find proper solutions. 149 158 2020/02/172019/10/132020/06/22 1399/4/2 2020/09/202020/09/202020/09/20 1399/6/30 حمیده میهن پور Hamideh Mihanpour 1. Genetic and Environmental Adventures Research Center, School of Abarkouh Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran مریم خشیج Maryam Khashij 2. Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran زهرا شمسی زاده Zahra Shamsizadeh Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran مریم غلامی Maryam Gholami Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran علی اصغر ابراهیمی Aliasghar Ebrahimi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran حسن رضایی پندری Hassan Rezaeipandari 3. Department of Gerontology, School of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran رویا ملک احمدی Roya Malekahmadi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran آلا آرشام Ala Arsham Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran فاطمه پریزن Fatemeh Parizan Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran وحید جعفری Vahid Jafari 4. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran jafarivahid94@gmail.com Environmental Literacy Awareness Attitude practices Yazd سواد زیست محیطی آگاهی نگرش عملکرد یزد 1. Salimian Rizi M, Amini M, Madani SA. Assessment of Environmental Literacy of Students and operational challenges of Environmental Education in Secondary Education. Curriculum Research JSRE. 2020; 9(2): 288-313.##2. Unesco P. Final Report, Intergovernmental conference on environmental education, Tbilissi (USRR), 14-16 oct., 1977. Paris (France). 1978.##3. Ertekin T, Yüksel Ç. The Role of Ecological Literacy Education with Academic Support in Raising Environmental Awareness for High School Students:“Enka Ecological Literacy Summer Camp Project Case Study”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 120: 124-32.##4. Karimzadegan H, Meiboudia H. Exploration of Environmental Literacy in Science Education Curriculum in Primary Schools in Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2012; 46: 404-409.##5. Saribas D, Teksoz G, Ertepinar H. The relationship between environmental literacy and self-efficacy beliefs toward environmental education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 116(2): 3664-8.##6. Karatekin K. Environmental Literacy in Turkey Primary Schools Social Studies Textbooks. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2012; 46: 3519-23.##7. Maurer M, Bogner FX. Modelling Environmental Literacy with Environmental Knowledge, Values and (Reported) Behaviour. Studies in Educational Evaluation. 2020; 65: 100863.##8. Hemmati Z, Shobeiri SM. Environmental Culture and the Factors Affecting It (Case Study: the Citizens of Shiraz). Iran Cultural Research Quarterly. 2016;8(4): 197-215. [Persian]##9. Akbari S, Sameri M. Effect of Teaching Sociological Studies with Project Method on Male Students’ Environmental Literacy of Elementary School 6th Grade. IRSEN. 2019. [Persian]##10. Owusu GMY, Ossei Kwakye T, Welbeck EE, et al. Environmental Literacy of Business Students in Ghana. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. 2017;18(3).##11. Sojasi Qeidari H, Azizi S. Measurement and Analysis of Environmental Literacy of Rural Tourisms. Geographical Space. 2018;18(61): 181-201. ##12. Craig CA, Allen MW. The Impact of Curriculum-Based Learning on Environmental Literacy and Energy Consumption with Implications for Policy. Utilities Policy. 2015; 35: 41-9.##13. Lillah R. Environmental literacy: A Needs Analysis: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Port Elizabeth. 2011.##14. Salehi S, Karimzadeh S. A Study on Relationship between Environmental Knowledge and Environmental Behavior. Cultural Studies & Communication. 2011; 7(24): 159-173. [Persian]##15. Aminrad Z, Zakariya S, Hadi AS, et al. 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Investigating Factors Effect on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: Applying Social Cognitive Theory بررسی عوامل موثر بر مصرف میوه و سبزی: کاربرد نظریه شناختی اجتماعی 2 1 مقدمه: مصرف منظم میوه ها و سبزیجات از شاخصهای مهم و پیشگیری کننده از بروز چاقی، اختلالات و بیماری هاست. مطالعه حاضر ﺑــﺎ ﻫــﺪف شناسایی تعیین کننده های مصرف میوه و سبزی مبتنی بر نظریه شناختی اجتماعی در دانش آموزان دختر دوره متوسطه اول انجام پذیرفت. روش بررسی: تحقیق توصیفی مقطعی حاضر به روش تصادفی چند مرحله ای در میان 264 نفر از دانش آموزان دختر متوسطه اول شهر رفسنجان انجام پذیرفت. ابزار گردآوری داده ها پرسشنامه دموگرافیک، پرسشنامه بسامد مصرف میوه و سبزی هفت روزه و پرسشنامه عوامل مؤثر بر مصرف میوه و سبزی بر اساس سازه های نظریه شناختی اجتماعی بود. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS-16 و آزمون‌های آماری تی مستقل، همبستگی پیرسون، آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه و آنالیز رگرسیون خطی چندگانه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرارگرفت. یافته ها: میانگین دریافت روزانه میوه و سبزی در دختران نوجوان به ترتیب 3.43 و 2.30 واحد در روز بود. در تحلیل رگرسیون خطی چندگانه، عوامل محیطی و مهارت رفتاری با میزان مصرف میوه رابطه معنی داری داشت. علاوه بر این ارتباط مهارت رفتاری و تقویت اجتماعی با میزان مصرف سبزی معنی دار بود (P<0.05). در مجموع، سازه های نظریه شناختی اجتماعی 7.1 درصد از تغییرات میزان مصرف میوه و 9.8 درصد از تغییرات میزان مصرف سبزی را تبیین کردند. نتیجه گیری: میانگین دریافت روزانه میوه و سبزی کمتر از مقدار توصیه شده بود. لذا پیشنهاد می گردد مطالعات مداخله ای آینده مبتنی بر سازه های نظریه شناختی اجتماعی با تأکید بر عوامل محیطی و مهارت رفتاری طراحی و اثرات آن بررسی گردد. 2 Introduction: Regular fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the most important and preventative indicators for the development of obesity, disorders, and diseases.The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption based on social cognitive theory among first-grade high school female students. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 264 high school female students who were selected through multistage random sampling from school students in Rafsanjan. The data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the seven-day fruit, and vegetable consumption frequency, and the fruit and vegetable consumption determinants questionnaire that was developed based on the constructs of cognitive social theory. Then were analyzed using SPSS-16 software through independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The average daily fruit and vegetable intakes in adolescent girls were 3.43 and 2.30 units per day, respectively. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that environmental factors and behavioral skills have a significant relationship with fruit consumption. Besides, vegetable consumption was found to have a significant relationship with behavioral skills and social reinforcement (P <0.05). In sum, the constructs of social cognitive theory explained 7.1% of the variances in fruit consumption and 9.8% of the variances in vegetable consumption. Conclusion: The average daily fruit and vegetable intakes were less than the recommended level. It is recommended that further interventional studies be designed in order to explore environmental factors and behavioral skills based on the constructs of social cognitive theory. 159 171 2020/02/172019/10/132020/06/222019/09/2 1398/6/11 2020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/20 1399/6/30 مصطفی نصیرزاده Mostafa Nasirzadeh Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Iran mnasirzadeh13@rums.ac.ir مهدی عبدالکریمی Mahdi Abdolkarimi Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Iran Mahdi-13581@yahoo.com زهرا اسدللهی Zahra Asadollahi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Iran asadollahi.zahra@gmail.com مریم هاشمیان Maryam Hashemian Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Iran m.hashemian183@yahoo.com. Fruit Vegetable Social Cognitive Theory Students Adolescences میوه سبزی نظریه شناختی اجتماعی دانش آموزان نوجوانان 1. World Health Organization (WHO), Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. Promoting Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Around the World. World Health Organization. 2018.##2. World Health Organization (WHO). Global, Newsroom, Healthy diet, Key facts. World Health Organization. 2019.##3. Gold A, Larson M, Tucker J, et al. Classroom Nutrition Education Combined with Fruit and Vegetable Taste Testing Improves Children’s Dietary Intake. Journal of School Health. 2017; 87(2): 106-113.##4. Godrich SL, Davies CR, Darby J, et al. Strategies to Address the Complex Challenge of Improving Regional and Remote Children’s Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Journal Nutrients. 2018;10(11): 1603.##5. Abbasian F, Omidvar N, Bondarianzadeh D, et al. Effect of a School-based Intervention Based on Social Cognitive Theory on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Middle School Students in Tehran. Journal of Hayat. 2012; 17 (4): 73-84. [Persian]##6. Moeini B, Taheri M, Roshanaei Gh, et al. High School Girl's Adherence to 5-a-Day Serving's Fruits and Vegetables: An Application Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Education and Community Health. 2014; 1(2): 10-19. [Persian]##7. Fallahzadeh H, Farahmand Z, Mohammadi F, et al. A Survey on the Relation between Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables and Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. The Journal of Toloo-e-Behdasht. 2015; 13(5): 141-152. [Persian].##8. Kargarnovin Z, Pourghassem Gargari B, Ranjbar F, et al. The Association of Food Groups with Major Depression in Adult Women Resident in Tabriz. Journal Urmia University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 24 (11): 872-882.[Persian].##9. Husseini AS, Jalali SM. The Study of the Relationship between Diet and Depression in Adults. Journal Fundamentals Mental Health. 2016; 18(Special Issue): 365-373.##10. Khani JA, Hatami M, Zarei S, et al. Investigating the Effect of Educational Program Based on Precede Model on the Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables in High School Girl Students of Fasa City. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences. 2017; 7 (3): 361-370.##11. World Health Organization (WHO), 10 Facts on Obesity 2017.World Health organization; 2017.##12. Saffari M, Shojaeizadeh D, Ghofranipour F, et al. Theories, Models and Methods of Health Education and Health Promotion. AsareSobhan Publication, Tehran, Iran 2012: 100-111. [Persian]##13.Sharma M, Romas J. Theoretical Foundations of Health Education and Health Promotion. Published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, usa: 2017.##14. Beiranvandpour N, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Rezapur Shahkolai F, et al. Factors Affecting the Consumption of Fast Foods among Women Based on the Social Cognitive Theory. Journal of Education and Community Health. 2014; 1(1): 19-26. [Persian].##15. Glanze K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Reserch, and Practice. 5th ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass publishers; 2015: 161-185.##16. Rakhshandehroo S. Application of Social Cognitive Theory to Determine Factors Associated with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Adolescents Tehran: A Cross-Sectional Study of Psychometrics: [PhD thesis]. School of Public Health Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 2013. [Persian]##17. Mirkarimi SK, Berdi Ozoni Doji R, Honarvar MR, et al. Correlation between Physical Activities, Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables and Using Social Cognitive Theory Constructs in Obese or Overweight Women Referring to Health Centers in Gorgan. Jorjani Biomedical Journal 2017; 5(1): 42-52. [Persian]##18. Heshmati H, Khajavi S, Alizadehsiuki H. An Investigation of the Perceived Barriers of Fruit and Vegetable consumption among Female High School Students in Gochan. Journal Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 1(4): 67-77. [Persian]##19. Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi S, Tavananezhad N, et al. Prevalence of Abnormal Body Mass Index in Adolescents in the City of Sanandaj and Its Socio-Demographic Predictors. Journal Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 22(1): 119-129. [Persian]##20. Najimi A, Ghaffari M, Alidousti M. Social Cognitive Correlates of Fruit and Vegetables Consumption Among Students: A Cross-Sectional Research. Pajoohandeh Journal. 2012; 17(2): 81-86. [Persian]##21. Hashemi B, Omidvar N, Bondarianzadeh D, et al. Effect of A Family-Based Intervention Based on Social–Cognitive Theory on Fruit And Vegetable Intake of Middle School Female Students In A District of Tehran. Hakim Research Journal 2012; 15(1): 44- 52. [Persian]##22. Rakhshanderou S, Ramezankhani A, Mehrabi Y, et al. Fruit and Vegetable-related Skill of Tehranian Adolescents: a Cross-sectional Study. Journal Health System Research. Health Education supplement. 2014; 9(14): 1765-1773. [Persian]##23. Hass J, Hartmann M. What Determines the Fruit and Vegetables Intake of Primary School Children?-An Analysis of Personal and Social Determinants. Appetite. 2018; 120: 82-91.##24. Ramezankhani A, Tavassoli E, Babaei Heydarabadi A, et al. Association between Social Cognitive Theory Constructs and Fruit and Vegetable's Consumption in Adolescent Girls. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2017; 5(5): 4889-4898.##25. Woo T, Lee K-H. Factors Affecting Vegetable Preference in Adolescents: Stages of Change and Social Cognitive Theory. Synapse Koreamed, Nutrition Research and Practice. 2017; 11(4): 340-346.##26. Zamanian M, Pak seresht M R, Holakoei naeini K, et al. Determinants of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among People in the Age Range of 18-70 Years in Arak, Iran. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2013; 11(1): 85-98. [Persian]##27. Hashemian M, Abdolkarimi M, Asadollahi Z, et al. Determinants of Physical Activity among Middle School Girl Students in Iran Based on Social Cognitive Theory in 2018. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine. 2019; 10(3): 282-288.## ##

Investigation of Health Socialization Status in Iran: A Qualitative Study in 2020 بررسی وضعیت اجتماعی شدن سلامت در ایران: مطالعه ی کیفی در سال 1398 2 1 زمینه: علی رغم تعهد دولت ها به بهبود شاخص های سلامت نظیر «امید به زندگی»، »، «کاهش مرگ و میر مادران » تفاوت های فاحشی در وضعیت سلامت گروه های اجتماعی مختلف در بین و درون جوامع وجود دارد. تفاوت هایی که با انجام مداخلات مناسب قابل اجتناب اند یکی از اقدامات مهم ایران برای کاهش بی عدالتی در سلامت ، تشکیل معاونت اجتماعی در وزارت بهداشت و دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی در سال 1395 بود که پس از سه سال فعالیت، منحل شد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی وضعیت اجتماعی شدن سلامت و راهبردها و ارکان آن در ساختار فعلی کشور در حوزه اجتماعی شدن سلامت و بررسی ارتباط این ارکان با یکدیگر انجام شد. روش:این مطالعه یک مطالعه ی کیفی است که از طریق تحلیل مستندات انجام شده و برای تکمیل یافته ها دو مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته با معاونین اجتماعی دو دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کشور انجام شده است. داده ها با روش تحلیل محتوایی مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج: در این مطالعه مشخص شد که ایران برای اجتماعی کردن سلامت دارای سه راهبرد است و ارکان تعیین شده برای اجرای آنها هشت جز دارد .در حال حاضر اجرای راهبرد ها در معاونت های مختلف وزارت بهداشت و دانشگاهها توزیع شده است .و ساختار ارکان و سازوکار هماهنگی بین آنها مشخص نیست. نتیجه گیری: برای دستیابی به عدالت در سلامت و اهداف اجتماعی شدن سلامت بهتر است در سطح کلان کشور تولیت این امر مشخص باشد. 2 Background:Despite the commitment of governments to improving health outcomes such as "life expectancy", "maternal mortality reduction", there are significant differences in the health status of different social groups within and between communities that can be prevented by appropriate interventions.In IRAN an important activity to move towards reducing health inequality was the establishment of a social deputy at the Ministry of Health and Medical Sciences Universities in 2016 which three years of activity, this department was dissolved. This study aimed to investigate the status of health socialization and its strategies and pillars in the current structure of the country in the field of health socialization and to examine the relationship between these pillars. Methods: This paper is a qualitative study conducted through documentation analysis and two in-depth semi-structured interviews with social deputies of two medical universities of Iran. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. Result: The study revealed that Iran has three strategies for socialization of health, and eight elements have been designated for their implementation. Currently, the implementation of the strategies has been distributed to various departments of the Ministry of Health and universities. They don’t have clear coordination and communication process. Conclusion: for achieving equity in socialization of health goals, it is better to clarify socialization of health stewardship in the whole country. 172 183 2020/02/172019/10/132020/06/222019/09/22019/09/3 1398/6/12 2020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/20 1399/6/30 رحیم خدایاری rahim khodayari Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran rahimzarnagh@gmail.com حسن جعفری hassan jafari Department of Management and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran jafary_h@yahoo.com لیلا ترک زاده leila torkzadeh Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran leilatorkzade.mng@gmail.com سولماز عظیم زاده solmaz azimzadeh Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran s.azimzadeh70@gmail.com Health Socialization of health Iran سلامت اجتماعی شدن سلامت عوامل اجتماعی موثر برسلامت. 1. WHO. About World Health Organization Constitution 1948. Available from: http://apps.who.int/ gb/bd/PDF/bd47/EN/constitution-en.pdf?ua=1.##2. Svalastog AL, Donev D, Kristoffersen NJ, et al. Concepts and Definitions of Health and Health-Related Values in the Knowledge Landscapes of the Digital Society. Croatian Medical Journal. 2017; 58(6): 431##3. Islam MM. Social Determinants of Health and Related Inequalities: Confusion and Implications. Frontiers in Public Health. 2019;7:11.##4. De Andrade LOM, Pellegrini Filho A, Solar O, Et Al. Social Determinants of Health, Universal Health Coverage, and Sustainable Development: Case Studies from Latin American Countries. The Lancet. 2015; 385(9975): 1343-51.##5. Friel S, Marmot MG. Action on the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities Goes Global. Annual Review of Public Health. 2011; 32: 225-36.##6. Irwin A, Scali E. Action on the Social Determinants of Health: Learning from Previous Experiences. Social Determinants of Health. World Health Organization. 2010.##7. Braveman P, Gottlieb L. The Social Determinants of Health: It's Time to Consider the Causes of the Causes. Public Health Reports. 2014; 129(1_Suppl2): 19-31.##8. Health CoSDo. Closing the Gap in A Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health: Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. 2008.##9. Ashoorkhani M, Rajabi F, Majdzadeh R. The Meaning of "Socialization of Health" to Iranian Policymakers and How It Can Be Implemented. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 2019; 33:6.##10. Jackson SF, Birn AE, Fawcett SB. Synergy for Health Equity: Integrating Health Promotion and Social Determinants of Health Approaches in and Beyond the Americas. Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica. 2013; 34(6): 473-80.##11. Noh, K. and Jaafar, S., Eds. (2011) Health in All Policies: The Primary Health Care Approach in Malaysia. 50-Years Experience in Addressing Social Determinants of Health Through Intersectoral Action for Health. Draft Background Paper, World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, Rio de Janeiro. 19-21 October 2011. ##12. Valle AM. The Mexican Experience in Monitoring and Evaluation of Public Policies Addressing Social Determinants of Health. Global Health Action. 2016; 9(1): 29030.##13. Council MoHPaMEP. Provincial Regulations "Comprehensive Health Management" Approaching the social components of heal. tehran: Medicine and Society Publications; 1393.##14. Allen J, Balfour R, Bell R, et al. Social Determinants of Mental Health. International Review of Psychiatry. 2014; 26(4): 392-407.##15. Embrett MG, Randall GE. Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity Policy Research: Exploring the Use, Misuse, and Nonuse of Policy Analysis Theory. Social Science & Medicine. 2014; 108: 147-55.##16. Thanh NX, Tran BX, Waye A, et al. “Socialization of Health Care” in Vietnam: What Is It And What Are Its Pros and Cons? Value in Health Regional Issues. 2014; 3: 24-6.##17. World Health Organization. Health in All Policies: Helsinki Statement. Framework for Country Action. The 8th Global Conference on Health Promotion Jointly Organized. 2013.## ##

Prevalence and mechanism of injuries in male beach soccer player میزان شیوع و مکانیسم آسیب‌ها در بازیکنان مرد فوتبال ساحلی 2 1 مقدمه: از جمله راه های پیشگیری از آسیب، شناخت آسیب‌های شایع در ورزش و عوامل ایجادکننده آسیب است. لذا هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی شیوع و مکانیسم آسیب‌ها در بازیکنان فوتبال ساحلی مرد حرفه‌ای استان یزد می باشد. روش بررسی: تحقیق حاضر از نوع توصیفی-پیمایشی، که به شکل میدانی انجام گرفت. تعداد 40 نفر از بازیکنان تیم‌های حرفه‌ای، حاضر در لیگ برتر، به عنوان نمونه تحقیق انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه گزارش آسیب اصلاح شده‌ی فولر و همکاران (2006) استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تی دو در سطح معناداری 0.05 >p تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین آسیب‌ها در قسمت پایین‌تنه (69.84 درصد) و در نواحی پا و انگشتان پا به میزان (33.33 درصد) و از نظر شدت آسیب 31.75 درصد آسیب شدید و در خصوص انواع آسیب‌ها، استرین با 42.86 درصد، بیشترین نوع آسیب را به خود اختصاص دادند. میزان آسیب در زمان مسابقه (60.32 درصد) بیشتر از زمان تمرین (39.68 درصد) بود. میزان آسیب‌های برخوردی 73.02 درصد به طور معناداری از آسیب‌های غیربرخوردی 26.98 درصد بیشتر بود ( 0.05>p). نتیجه گیری: بیشتر آسیب‌های این رشته ورزشی به دلیل نداشتن پوشش (کفش) در ناحیه پا و انگشتان و سپس در زانو اتفاق می‌افتد. برخورد بازیکنان با هم اصلی‌ترین عامل آسیب‌دیدگی در فوتبال ساحلی بوده که احتمالا با تغییر در تمرینات، اجرا تکنیک‌های صحیح و بهبود فاکتورهای عملکردی در قالب برنامه‌های پیشگیرانه می‌تواند در پیشگیری از آسیب موثر باشد. 2 Introduction: One of the preventing injuries methods is recognizing common injuries in sports and causative factors of injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and mechanism of injury in professional beach soccer players in Yazd province. Methods: The present study is a survey-descriptive research that was conducted as a field study. Number of 40 players currently in the premier league country were selected as samples. For collecting information, the modified injury report questionnaire by Fuller et al. (2006) was used. Data were analyzed by using chi-square test at a significance level P < 0.05. Results: The results showed that the most common injuries were in lower extremities (%69.84) and in terms of injury severity, 31.75% were sever injury, and for type of injuries, strain was the most of the injuries occurred (%33.33). The amount of injury during the match (60.26%) was higher than the time of training (39.68%). The degree of contact injuries 73.02% was significantly higher than non-contact injuries 26.98% (p <0.05). Conclusion: Most of the injuries in this sport are caused by lack of the shoes and guards on the legs and feet, and then on the knee. Contact of players is one of the main sources of injury in beach soccer, which is likely to be effective in preventing injury by changing training, implementing proper techniques, and improving performance factors by using injuries preventive programs. 184 190 2020/02/172019/10/132020/06/222019/09/22019/09/32019/10/28 1398/8/6 2020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/20 1399/6/30 رضا شریفات پور reza sharifatpour Department of Sports Sciences, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran. Iran reza.sharifatpour2013@gmail.com مهدیه آکوچکیان mahdieh akoochakian Department of Sports Sciences, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran Iran makochakian@ut.ac.ir محمد حسین علیزاده Mohammad Hossein alizadeh Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, School of Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Iran alizadehm@ut.ac.ir حمید عباسی Hamid abbassi 3. Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran Iran habbassi@yazd.ac.ir Prevalence Mechanisms Injury Beach Soccer. شیوع مکانیسم آسیب فوتبال ساحلی 1. Haghighi M, Zamanian F and Zameni L. Incidence and Mechanisms of Injuries in Female Beach Soccer Players. Annals of Biological Research. 2012; 3(7): 3508-3512.##2. Beachsoccer. Available from: https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/beach-soccer-coaching-manual.pdf?cloudid= ml3wwdbpcjak2qhfpsjh.##3. Olsen LA, Scanlan M, Mackay S, et al. Strategies for Prevention of Soccer Related Injuries: A Systematic Review. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2004; 38(1): 89-94.##4. Sharifatpour R, Abbasi H, Ebadi Asl H. The Prevalence and Mechanisms of Injuries in Male Professional Beach Soccer Players in Yazd province. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research [JAPER]. 2018; 8(S2).##5. Chan KM, Fu F, Leung L. Sports Injuries Survey on University Student in Hong Kong. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 1984; 18(3): 195-202.##6. Roi GS, Nanni G, Tavana R, et al. Prevalence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions in Professional Soccer Players. Sport Science for Health. 2006; 1(3): 118-121.##7. Gharakhanlou R, Daneshmandi, H, Alizadeh, MH. Prevention and Treatment of Sports Injuries. Tehran, Samt, 6th Edition. 2010; 389-91. [Persian]##8. Al-Shaqsi S, Al-Kashmiri A, Al-Risi A, et al. Sports Injuries and Illnesses During the Second Asian Beach Games. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012; 46(11): 780-787.##9. Shimakawa T, Shimakawa Y, Kawasoe Y, et al. Beach Soccer Injuries During the Japanese National Championships. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016; 4(1): e2325967115625636.##10. Gámez J, Montaner AM, Alcántara E, et al. Epidemiology of Beach Volleyball and Beach Soccer. Selección. 2006; 15(1): 22-27. ##11. Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A, et al. Consensus Statement on Injury Definitions and Data Collection Procedures in Studies of Football (Soccer) Injuries. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2006; 16(2): 83-92.##12. Giza E, Mithofer K, Farrell L, et al. Injuries in Women’s Professional Soccer. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005; 39(4): 212-216.##13. Howkins R, Fuller C.W. A Prospective Epidemiological Study of Injuries in Four English Professional Football Clubs. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 1999; 33(3): 196-203.##14. Rahnama N, Bambaeichi E, Nazarian AB, et al. Incidence and Causes of Acute Injuries in Collegiate Soccer Players. Olympic. 2007; 15(2): 39-47. [Persian]##15. Soderman K, Pietila T, Alfredson H, et al. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Young Females Playing Soccer at Senior Levels. Scandinavia Journal of Medicine Science in Sports. 2002; 12(2): 65-68.##16. Soltandoost Nari SM, Ebrahimi Atri A, Khoshraftar Yazdi N. Effect of FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program on Anterior Knee Shear Force in Teenage Male Soccer Players. Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2017; 6(1): 1-9. [Persian]##17. Pappas E, Nightingale EJ, Simic M, et al. Do Exercises Used in Injury Prevention Programs Modify Cutting Task Biomechanics? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015; 49(10): 673-80.##18. Wesley CA, Aronson PA, Docherty CL. Lower Extremity Landing Biomechanics in Both Sexes after a Functional Exercise Protocol. Journal of Athletic Training. 2015; 50(9): 914-920.##19. Faude O, Junge A, Kindermann W. Risk Factors for Injuries in Elite Female Soccer Players. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2006; 40(9): 785-790.##20. Schmidt-Olsen S, Bünemann LK, Lade V. Soccer Injuries of Youth. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 1985; 19(3): 161-164.##21. WayneN. Preventing Knee Injuries in Women’s Soccer. Available from: https://www.soccerhelp.com/ Preventing_ Knee_Injuries_In_Soccer.shtml.##22. SA JA, Griesemer BD, Johnson M. Injuries in Youth Soccer: A Subject Review. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness. Pediatrics. 2000; 105(3 Pt 1): 659-661.##23. Andersen TE, Larsen Ø, Tenga A. Bahr. Football Incident Analysis: A New Video Based Method to Describe Injury Mechanism in Professional Football. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2003; 37(3): 226-232.## ##

Prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis بررسی شیوع سندرم پاهای بی‌قرار در ایران: یک مطالعه مروری نظامند و متاآنالیز 2 1 مقدمه: در سالهای اخیر، مقادیر متفاوتی از شیوع کلی سندرم پاهای بیقرار در مطالعات مختلف ذکر شده و عوامل مرتبط با آن در جامعۀ ایرانی مشخص نیست. بنابراین هدف این مطالعه بررسی شیوع و عوامل مرتبط با سندرم پاهای بیقرار در ایران به روش متاآنالیز انجام شده است. مواد و روشها: پژوهش حاضر بر اساس چک لیست PRISMA انجام شد. مستندات به دست آمده از بانکهای اطلاعاتی فارسی و انگلیسی زبان از جمله Magiran, Sid, Medilib, Iranmedex, Irandoc, Civilica, ISC, Web of science, Pubmed, Scopus, Springer و موتور جستجوگر Google Scholar با محدودیت زمانی 1 جولای 2014 تا 11 نوامبر 2019 همراه بود. جستجو و استخراج دادهها توسط دو نفر از پژوهشگران به صورت مستقل انجام شده و تحت یک ناظر سوم به صورت گروهی تصمیم گرفته شد. تمام مقالات مرور شده دارای معیار انتخاب، با چک لیست STROBE مورد ارزیابی کیفی قرار گرفته شدند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها نیز از مدل اثرات تصادفی به روش متاآنالیز توسط نرمافزار CMA-2 استفاده شد. یافته ها: در 24 مطالعه با 26474 نمونۀ ایرانی که 65.9% از آنان زنان بودند، شیوع سندرم پاهای بیقرار 32.9 درصد (فاصله اطمینان 95 درصد: 44.7 -22.9) برآورد گردید. شیوع این اختلال در زنان ایرانی 47.6 درصد (فاصله اطمینان 95 درصد: 67.2 -28.7) و در مردان ایرانی 7.36 درصد (فاصله اطمینان 95 درصد: 55.3 -21.4) بود. بیشترین و کمترین شیوع سندرم پاهای بیقرار بر حسب مناطق جغرافیایی به ترتیب در شرق کشور (44.3 درصد) و در شمال کشور (15.5 درصد) بود که این اختلاف بر اساس تحلیل فرارگرسیون معنادار بود (0.05>p). میزان شیوع این سندرم به ترتیب در بیماران همودیالیز 50%، سایر بیماریها 35%، زنان حامله 25.7%، سالمندان 20.2% و بزرگسالان 13.8% بود. نتیجه گیری: شیوع سندرم پاهای بیقرار در ایران بالا میباشد که در مقایسه با مطالعات مشابه انجام شده در سایر نقاط دنیا بیشتر است. این موضوع توجه به تشخیص زودرس، پیشگیری و درمان این اختلال را در بزرگسالان و به خصوص زنان الزام میدارد. 2 Introduction: In recent years, different values of the general prevalence of restless legs syndrome have been reported in various studies and its related factors in Iranian society are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome in Iran by meta-analysis. Methods: This study was performed based on PRISMA checklist. There was a time limit from 1st July 2014 to 11th November 2019 for documents obtained from English and Persian databases such as Magiran, Sid, Medilib, Iranmedex, Irandoc, Civilica, ISC, Pubmed, Scopus, Springer, and Google Scholar Engine. Data were searched and extracted independently by two researchers and finally, a group decision was made with the presence of a third observer. All reviewed articles with selection criteria were evaluated qualitatively by the STROBE checklist. Comprehensive Meta analysis (CMA-2) software was used to analyze the data by meta-analysis random effects model. Results: The prevalence of restless legs syndrome was estimated to be 32.9% (95% CI: 22.9- 44.7) in 24 studies with 26474 Iranian subjects that 65.9% of whom were women. The prevalence of this disorder was 47.6% in Iranian women (95% CI: 28.7-67.2%) and 36.7% in Iranian men (95% CI: 21.4-55.3%). The most and the least prevalence of restless legs syndrome based on geographical region were respectively in east (44.3%) and north of the country (15.5%) and this difference was significant based on meta-regression (p <0.05). The prevalence of this syndrome was 50% in hemodialysis patients, 35% in other diseases, 25.7% in pregnant women, 20.2% in elderly and 13.8% in adults. Conclusion: The prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Iran is higher than other parts of the world based on different studies. Therefore, early detection, prevention and treatment of this disorder in adults, especially women, is essential. 191 202 2020/02/172019/10/132020/06/222019/09/22019/09/32019/10/282019/12/2 1398/9/11 2020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/20 1399/6/30 محمد حسین سربی Mohammad Hossein Sorbi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Iran sorbih@gmail.com علی عیسی زادگان Ali Issazadegan Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Iran a.esazade@gmail.com اسماعیل سلیمانی Esmaeil Soleimani Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Iran soleymany.psy@gmail.com سید حمید میرحسینی Seyed Hamid Mirhosseini Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran mirhoseini.h@gmail.com Restless legs syndrome Systematic Review Meta-Analysis Iran سندرم پاهای بی قرار مطالعۀ سیستماتیک متاآنالیز ایران 1. 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A Review of Studies on Climate Change and Social Variables from the Perspective of Social مروری بر مطالعات تغییر اقلیم و متغیرهای اجتماعی از دیدگاه تعیین کننده های اجتماعی سلامت 2 1 مقدمه: تحقیقات زیادی در این زمینه وجود دارد که تغییر اقلیم بر متغیرهای اجتماعی اثرگذار است و یا از طریق تعیین کننده های اجتماعی سلامت بر سلامت تاثیر می گذارد. هدف این مطالعه شناسایی تعیین‌کننده های اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت مرتبط با تغییر اقلیم می‌باشد. روش: روش مطالعه حاضر مرور با جستجو نظام‏مند است. از این رو بعد از انجام مرور منظم در پایگاه‏های اطلاعاتی، مقالات ارزیابی و غربالگری شده است و مقالاتی که شرایط ورود را کسب کرده‏اند وارد مطالعه نهایی شده‏اند. برای جستجوی منظم ابتدا کلید واژه های مرتبط با تغییر اقلیم و متغیرهای اجتماعی در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی Web Of Science وpubmed با محدوده زمانی تا سال ۲۰۱۸، جستجو شده است. در هر پایگاه اطلاعاتی از استراتژی سرچ مخصوص آن پایگاه با استفاده از عملگرهای OR, AND استفاده شده است. در جستجوی اولیه 12097 مقاله بدست آمده است . پس از خروج موارد تکراری و غیر مرتبط به موضوع 5932 مقاله باقی ماند که پس از مطالعه چکیده مقالات، مطالعاتی که درباره تغییر اقلیم و پیامدهای اجتماعی بود ؛ وارد مطالعه شده اند. مراحل غربالگری با معیارهای ورود و خروج انجام گردید. بعد از غربالگری چکیده ۴۳ مقاله باقی ماند. در مرحله بعدی متن کامل مقالات توسط دو نفر از تیم تحقیق بررسی شد. در نهایت ۲۳ مقاله به این مطالعه راه یافت. یافته ها: متغیرهای اجتماعی مرتبط با تغییر اقلیم بر اساس تعیین کننده های اجتماعی سلامت به 5 دسته متغییر های مختلف از جمله: متغیرهای ساختاری مرتبط با تغییر اقلیم( وضعیت اقتصادی اجتماعی)، متغیرهای سطح شرایط اجتماعی و کاری( دسترسی به خدمات بهداشتی درمانی، بیکاری، مهاجرت، نابرابری، آموزش، شرایط کار، امنیت غذایی)، متغیرهای مربوط به روابط اجتماعی و شبکه های اجتماعی( جنبش های اجتماعی، جنگ شهری، شورش، اعتراضات گروهی، خشونت های بین فردی)، عوامل فردی مرتبط با سبک زندگی(محل زندگی(شهر/ روستا)) و متغیرهای سطح فردی( سن، نژاد، جنس) تقسیم شدند. نتیجه گیری: تغییر اقلیم طیف پیامدهای اجتماعی گسترده ای را شامل می شود. گروه های مختلفی که آسیب پذیری متفاوتی نسبت به تغییر اقلیم دارند شامل زنان، سالمندان، کودکان، روستاییان و کارگران می باشند. 2 Introduction: Many studies have illustrated climate change effects on social variables and health. This study aimed to identify the SDH associated with climate change. Methods: The present study is a review study with a systematic search. The keywords related to climate change and social variables were searched in the Web of Science and PubMed databases until June 2018. In the initial search 12097 articles were obtained and after the elimination of duplicate and non-related articles, 5932 articles remained After studying the abstracts, 342 articles were excluded based on entry and exit criteria (studies that were not related to climate change and SDH) and 43 articles remained. In the next phase, the full text of the articles was evaluated by two evaluators individually and the consensus method was used. 23 papers were finally included in the study. Results: According to the review, social variables related to climate change were divided into 5 different categories of variables, including structural variables related to climate change (socioeconomic status), variables related to social status and work conditions (access to health services, unemployment, immigration, inequality, education, work condition, food security), variables related to social relationships and social networks (social movements, urban warfare, riot, group protests, interpersonal violence), individual variables related to lifestyle (place of living; city/village), and individual variables (age, race, gender) based on social determinants of health. Conclusions: Climate change has a wide range of social outcomes.. Various groups that are vulnerable to climate change include women, elderlies, children, villagers, and workers. 203 212 2020/02/172019/10/132020/06/222019/09/22019/09/32019/10/282019/12/22019/01/15 1397/10/25 2020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/202020/09/20 1399/6/30 گیتی بهرامی giti bahrami Department of Social Welfare, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran bahramigiti@gmail.com حسن رفیعی Hassan Rafiey 2. Department of Social Welfare & Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran hassan441015@gmail.com علیرضا شکیبا Alireza Shakiba 3. Center for Remote Sensing & GIS Research, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Iran a-shakiba@sbu.ac.ir مهدی نوروزی Mehdi Noroozi 4. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran noroozimehdi04@gmail.com حمیرا سجادی Homeira Sajjadi 5. Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran safaneh_s@yahoo.com Climate change health social determinants of health social health تغییر اقلیم تعیین کننده های اجتماعی سلامت سلامت اجتماعی 1. Arrow K, Solow R, Portney PR, et al. Report of the NOAA Panel on Contingent Valuation. Federal register. 1993; 58(10): 4601-4614.##2. [Book] Parry ML. Assessing the Costs of Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review of the UNFCCC and Other Recent Estimates: Iied. 2009. ##3. Baldwin A, Bettini G, Editors. Life Adrift: Climate Change, Migration, Critique. Rowman & Littlefield. 2017 May 24.##4. Pachauri RK, Allen MR, Barros VR, et al. Climate change 2014: Synthesis Report. 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