Detection of Vegetable Oils in Dairy Products Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique تشخیص روغن های گیاهی در فرآورده های لبنی با استفاده از تکنیک واکنش زنجیره ای پلیمراز 2 1 شیر و فرآوردههای آن از هزاران سال پیش در ردیف مهمترین مواد غذایی تأمین کننده نیازهای بشری بودهاند که علاوه بر داشتن ارزش غذایی فوق العاده، در پیشگیری از بسیاری از بیماریها نیز نقش بسزایی دارند(1). عمدهترین گروه مصرفکننده کودکان، زنان باردار و شیرده و سالمندان میباشند(2). ارزش غذایی بالای شیر منجر به مصرف بالای آن در سراسر جهان شده است اما افزایش تقاضا این ماده غذایی را مستعد تقلبات کرده است(3). یکی ازشایعترین تقلبات، جایگزینی بخشی از چربی آن با چربیهای ارزانتر با منشاءگیاهی یا جانوری با قیمت پایین با هدف افزایش سودآوری محصولات میباشد. به طور کلی چربی شیر متشکل از 98 درصد تری آسیل گلیسیرول، 2 درصد چربیهای دیگر از قبیل دیآسیل گلیسرول، منوآسیل گلیسیرول، اسیدهای چرب آزاد، فسفولیپید،کلسترول ویتامینهای محلول در چربی و اسیدهای چرب ضروری میباشد. بنابراین ماده غذایی حاوی این جایگزینی نه تنها از نظر اقتصادی نوعی تقلب به شمار می آید بلکه ممکن است به نوعی، سلامت انسان را نیز تهدید نماید(3, 4). همچنین هر‌گونه افت در کیفیت شیر می‌تواند سلامت گروه‌های حساس مصرف کننده را به شدت تهدید نماید(5). اخیرا استفاده از روغنهای گیاهی به ویژه پالم در صنایع لبنی به یکی از نگرانیهای اصلی مصرف کنندگان تبدیل شده است که منجر به رواج مصرف فرآوردههای لبنی سنتی در بین مردم شده و از این راه سلامت مردم را به خطر میاندازند(6). شیر منبعی غنی از ترکیبات پروتئینی، قند، املاح و ویتامینهاست و دارای میزان بالایی آب میباشد به همین علت دارای پتانسیل بالایی جهت رشد باکتریها میباشد و در صورت عدم رعایت موازین بهداشتی طی مراحل مختلف میتواند عامل مهمی در ایجاد مسمومیت غذایی و ناراحتی های گوارشی محسوب گردد. لازم به ذکر است بسیاری از بیماریهای واگیردار از جمله: سل، تب مالت، تیفوئید، عفونتهای استرپتوکوکی و ... از طریق شیر منتقل میشوند(7, 8). گاها سرعت تقلبات مورد استفاده از سرعت علوم تجزیه کشف تقبات پیشی میگیرند. به همین جهت استفاده از واکنش زنجیره ای پلیمراز بعنوان استاندارد طلایی و یک آزمایش بسیار حساس و دقیق؛ میتواند ابزار مفیدی برای تشخیص تقلبات و شناسایی منشا روغنهای وارد شده در محصولات لبنی باشد(9). بنابراین، پیشنهاد میگردد برای جلوگیری از به خطر افتادن سلامت عمومی و برای حصول اطمینان مصرف کنندگان از صحیح بودن اطلاعات درج شده روی محصولات، انجام آزمون واکنش زنجیره ای پلیمراز (PCR) بصورت معمول در دستور کار آزمایشگاههای کنترل کیفیت مواد غذایی قرار گیرد. 2 Milk and its products have been among the most important foodstuffs providing human needs since thousands years ago, which, in addition to having a high nutritional value, plays a significant role in preventing many diseases (1). Moreover, children, pregnant women, lactating women, and the elderly are the main consumer group of dairy products (2). The high nutritional value of milk has led to its high consumption throughout the world; however, increasing demand has made the food prone to fraud (3). One of the most common frauds is replacing a part of its fat with lower-priced vegetable or animal fats with the aim of increasing the profitability of products. In general, milk fat consists of 98% triacylglycerol, 2% other fatty acids, such as diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, free fatty acids, phospholipid, cholesterol, lipid soluble vitamins, and essential fatty acids. Therefore, the food containing this substitute is not only economically a type of fraud, but may also threaten human health (4, 3). Besides, any milk quality reduction can seriously threaten the health of sensitive consumer groups (5). Recently, the use of vegetable oils, especially Palm in the dairy industry has become one of the main concerns of the consumers. Therefore, people prefer to consume traditional dairy products which endanger public health (3). Milk is a rich source of protein, sugars, salts, and vitamins and has high levels of water; therefore, it has a high potential for the growth of bacteria. If it does not comply with health rules, it can act as an important factor to cause food poisoning and gastrointestinal disorders. It is worth mentioning that many infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, brucellosis, typhoid, streptococcal infections, etc are transmitted through milk (7, 6). Sometimes the speed of fraud is surpassed by the speed of fraud analysis science. Therefore, the use of the polymerase chain reaction as a golden standard and a highly sensitive test can be a useful tool for detecting fraud and identifying the origin of imported oils in dairy products (8). Accordingly, it is suggested to use polymerase chain reaction test (PCR) in the food quality control labs routinely to prevent endangering public health and to ensure that the consumers have accurate information on the products. 1 2 2019/01/29 1397/11/9 2019/01/29 1397/11/9 مطهره السادات حسینی Motahareh Sadat Hosseini Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran مهرنوش شیردلی Mehrnoosh Shirdeli Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran سعیده السادات حسینی محمدآبادی Saeede Sadat Hosseini Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran There is no keywords at letter to the editor Dashti G, Rostami R, Pishbahar E. Effect of consumers characteristics on consumer preferences for milk in Tabriz City. Journal of Food Research (University of Tabriz). 2015; 25(3): 407-417. [Persian]##Akbay C, Tiryaki GY. Unpacked and packed fluid milk consumption patterns and preferences in Turkey. Agricultural Economics. 2008; 38(1): 9-20.##Raftani Amiri Z, Salmani S. Detection of vegetable oils in industrial dairy products of Kermanshah using chromatography methods. Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2017; 14(69): 205-214. [Persian]##Ntakatsane M, Liu X, Zhou P. Rapid detection of milk fat adulteration with vegetable oil by fluorescence spectroscopy. Journal of Dairy Science. 2013; 96(4): 2130-2136.##Zarei M, Maktabi S, Nasiri M. Fraud identification of cow's milk in buffalo's milk and its products using the polymerase chain reaction. Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences. 2016; 8(4): e36555.##Beauman C, Cannon G, Elmadfa I, et al. The principles, definition and dimensions of the new nutrition science. Public Health Nutrition. 2005; 8(6a): 695-698.##Leslie W, Lean M, Woodward M, et al. Unidentified under-nutrition: dietary intake and anthropometric indices in a residential care home population. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 2006; 19(5): 343-347.##Khanzadi S, Jamshidi A, Razmyar J, et al. PCR-based detection of cow and goat milk in sheep milk and dairy‎ products marketed in Mashhad city of Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2013; 7(4): 257-262.## ##

Comparison Quality of Life in the Three Groups: Women with Premenstrual Syndrome, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and General Population in Yazd مقایسه کیفیت زندگی در سه گروه: زنان مبتلا به سندرم قبل از قاعدگی، اختلال ملال قبل از قاعدگی و جمعیت عمومی شهر یزد 2 1 مقدمه: سندرم قبل از قاعدگی می تواند به مشکلات فراوانی برای زنان منجر شود و حساسیت آنها را نسبت به افسردگی در مقایسه با مردان افزایش دهد. سندرم قبل از قاعدگی اگرچه یک تهدید جدی نیست، اما می تواند بر کیفیت زندگی، سلامت روان و باروری آنها تاثیر گذارد. لذا این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه کیفیت زندگی در سه گروه: زنان مبتلا به سندرم قبل از قاعدگی، اختلال ملال قبل از قاعدگی و جمعیت عمومی شهر یزد صورت گرفت. روش کار: این یک مطالعه توصیفی مقطعی بود که روی 246 زن مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشی شهر یزد انجام شد. ابزار های جمع آوری داده ها پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی SF36 و ابزار غربالگری سندرم قبل از قاعدگی PSST بود. داده های جمع آوری شده با نرم افزار SPSS18 و با آزمون های آماری کروسکال والیس و من ویتنی برای مقایسه ابعاد کیفیت زندگی در گروه ها آنالیز شد. نتایج: در میان نمونه ها، 102(5/41%) مبتلا به سندرم قبل از قاعدگی بودند، در20(1/8%) نفر اختلال ملا قبل از قاعدگی وجود داشت و 124(4/50%) جمعیت عمومی بودند. مقایسه گروه ها با آزمون کروسکال والیس برای ابعاد کیفیت زندگی نشان داد که به جز بعد فعالیت فیزیکی در سایر ابعاد کیفیت زندگی، گروه های PMS، PMDD و جمعیت عمومی تفاوت معنی داری داشتند(p<0.05). با توجه به آزمون من ویتنی زنان با اختلال ملال قبل از قاعدگی، کیفیت زندگی ضعیف تری را گزارش کردند. زنان مبتلا به PMS و PMDD میانگین نمره پایین تری خصوصا در بعد مشکلات عاطفی داشتند. نتیجه گیری: کیفیت زندگی به طور معنی داری متاثر از سندرم قبل از قاعدگی است، خصوصا در بعد مشکلات عاطفی. مطالعات آتی و برنامه های آموزشی در خصوص PMS برای بهبود کیفیت زندگی در این افراد، خصوصا برای آنهایی که اختلالات شدیدتری را تجربه می کنند، توصیه می شود. 2 Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome can lead to numerous problems for women and increase their susceptibility to depression compared to men. PMS is not a serious threat, but it can influence women's quality of life and mental health and reproductive. This research was conducted to compare the quality of life (QOL) in the three groups: women with premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and general population in Yazd (a city in the center of Iran). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 246 women referring to Yazd health centers. They were voluntarily or randomly selected. Data collection tools were quality of life questionnaire SF36 and the premenstrual syndrome screening tool. Obtained data were analyzed by SPSS18.0 with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test for comparison groups on SF-36 subscales. Results: Among samples, 102(41.5%) had premenstrual syndrome (PMS), in 20(8.1%) the diagnostic characteristics for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) were found, and 124 (50.4%) were in general population (GP) group, respectively. Comparison groups with Kruskal-Wallis test on SF-36 subscales showed that except for physical function in other components of quality of life, PMS and PMDD groups and non-clinical populations were significantly different (p< 0.05). Considering the Mann-Whitney test, women with PMDD reported a poor health-related quality of life as measured by the SF-36. Women with PMS and PMDD had lower mean score especially in the aspect of role limitation- emotional problems. Conclusion: Quality of life is significantly affected by premenstrual symptoms, especially in the aspect of role limitation- emotional problems. Further studies and training program regarding PMS is recommended to improve the quality of life in this population, particularly for those experiencing severe premenstrual disorders. 3 10 2019/01/292018/10/10 1397/7/18 2019/01/292019/01/28 1397/11/8 زهره کریمیان کاکلکی Zohreh Karimain kakolaki Department of Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Iran zohrehkarimian68@yahoo.com سید سعید مظلومی محمودآباد Seyed Saeed MazloomyMahmoodabad Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Mazloomy@yahoo.com فاطمه حیدری Fatemeh Heidari Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Gerash University of Medical Science, Gerash, Iran Iran heidari.f20@gmail.com مریم خدیبی Maryam Khadibi Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Iran سکینه گرایلو Sakineh Gerayllo Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran sakinehgerayllo@ssu.ac.ir نوشین یوشنی Nooshin Yoshany Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Premenstrual Syndrome Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Quality of Life Women سندرم قبل از قاعدگی اختلال ملال قبل از قاعدگی کیفیت زندگی زنان Sahin S, Ozdemir K, Unsal A. Evaluation of premenstrual syndrome and quality of life in university students. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 2014; 64(8): 915-922.##Morowatisharifabad M, Karimiankakolaki Z, Bokaie M, et al. The effects of training married men about premenstrual syndrome by pamphlets and short messages on marital satisfaction. Health Education Research. 2014; 29(6): 1005-1014.##Maleki F, Pourshahbaz A, Asadi A, et al. The impact of premenstrual disorders on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Practice in Clinical Psychology. 2014; 2(2): 77-84.##Delara M, Ghofranipour F, Azadfallah P, et al. Health related quality of life among adolescents with premenstrual disorders: a cross sectional study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2012; 10(1): 1-5.##Morowatisharifabad M, Karimiankakolaki Z, Bokaie M, et al. Evaluation of the frequency of clinical manifestations of premenstrual syndrome in young married women in Yazd. Community Health Journal. 2014; 8(3): 45-53.[Persian]##Kapur N. Premenstrual symptoms and social disability. International Journal of Innovative Knowledge Concepts. 2016; 4(1): 1-11.##Firoozi R, Kafi M, Salehi I, et al. The relationship between severity of premenstrual syndrome and psychiatric symptoms. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry. 2012; 7(1): 36-40.##Seedhom AE, Mohammed ES, Mahfouz EM. Life style factors associated with premenstrual syndrome among El-Minia university students, Egypt. ISRN Public Health. 2013; 2013(617123): 1-6.##Tolossa FW, Bekele ML. Prevalence, impacts and medical managements of premenstrual syndrome among female students: cross-sectional study in college of health sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Women's Health. 2014; 14(52): 1-9.##Hautamäki H, Haapalahti P, Savolainen-Peltonen H, et al. Premenstrual symptoms in fertile age are associated with impaired quality of life, but not hot flashes, in recently postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2014; 21(12): 1287-1291.##Zarei Z, Bazzazian S. The relationship between premenstrual syndrome disorder, stress and quality of life in female students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2015; 2(8): 49-58. [Persian]##Choi D, Lee DY, Lehert P, et al. The impact of premenstrual symptoms on activities of daily life in Korean women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2010; 31(1): 10-15.##Abbasi S, Tufail A, Kalyar J, et al. Premenstrual syndrome in undergraduate medical students: hostellers versus dayscholars. Journal of Surgery Pakistan (International). 2015; 20(3): 82-86.##Karimian Kakolaki Z, MazloomyMahmoodabad SS, Gerayllo S, et al. Path analysis to determine the relationship between marital dissatisfaction, premenstrual syndrome and emotional dimension of quality of life in women. Journal of Community Health Research. 2018; 7(3): 140-146.##Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care. 1992; 30(6): 473-483.##Montazeri A, Goshtasebi A, Vahdaninia M, et al. The short form health survey (SF-36): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Quality of Life Research. 2005; 14(3): 875-882.##Rostami A, Ghazinour M, Nygren L, et al. Health-related quality of life, marital satisfaction, and social support in medical staff in Iran. Applied Research in Quality of Life. 2012; 8(3): 385-402.##Siahbazi S, Hariri F, Montazeri A, et al. Standardization of premenstrual symptoms screening questionnairePSST: translation and psychometric Iranian species. Journal Payesh. 2011; 10(4): 421-427. [Persian]##Direcvand Moghadam A, Keykhavandi S, Sayehmiri K. The worldwide prevalence of premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Iranina Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Infertility. 2013; 16(65): 8-17. [Persian]##Lukes AS, McBride RJ, Herring AH, et al. Improved premenstrual syndrome symptoms after novasure endometrial ablation. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. 2011; 18(5): 607-611.##Dean BB, Borenstein JE, Knight K, et al. Evaluating the criteria used for identification of PMS. Journal of Women's Health. 2006; 15(5): 546-555.##Nisar N, Zehra N, Haider G, et al. Frequency, intensity and impact of premenstrual syndrome in medical students. Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 2008; 18(8): 481-484.## ##

A Study of Fast Foods Consumption Attitude among Secondary High School Students, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran نگرش دانشجویان دبیرستان اردکان یزد نسبت به مصرف فست فود 2 1 مقدمه: کسب عادت های بهداشتی و غذایی در دوران نوجوانی شکل گرفته و تثبیت می شود لذا این مطالعه با هدف تعیین وضعیت مصرف غذا های فوری ونگرش دانش آموزان دوره متوسطه شهرستان اردکان انجام گرفت. روش کار:در این مطالعه مقطعی توصیفی تعداد 200 نفر از دانش آموزان دبیرستانی شهرستان اردکان مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند روش نمونه گیری به صورت طبقه ای متناسب با تعداد دانش آموزان دبیرستانها انجام گرفت. اطلاعات از طریق پرسشنامه جمع آوری گردید وسپس با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS16 ،آمارهای توصیفی ،آزمونهای کای دو وAnova مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها:نتایج تحقیق نشان داد دانش آموزان مورد مطالعه 55% دختر و93% مجرد بودند. BMI دانش آموزان 22% لاغر (5/8 BMI< )، 56% نرمال (25 BMI< ≥5/18( و5/14%اضافه وزن (30BMI< ≥25 )و5/6% چاق (30BMI≥ )گزارش شده است. دانش آموزان دختر، نگرش مثبت تری نسبت به مصرف غذاهای فوری (03/0Pv=). میانگین نمره نگرش نسبت به مصرف غذاهای فوری در گروه سنی 18-17 سال از گروه سنی 16-15 سال بیشتر بود(001/0Pv=). میانگین نمره نگرش نسبت به مصرف غذاهای فوری در دانش آموزان مجرد بیش از متاهل بود (001/0 pv=). بحث ونتیجه گیری:بیشترین مصرف کنندگان فست فودها افراد ازدواج نکرده و افراد با تحصیلات پایین تر می باشند. از طرفی خانواده و سپس رادیو و تلویزیون نقش مهمی بر روی نگرش و عادت های صحیح تغذیه ای فرزندان دارد. لذا بایستی در این خصوص نگرش خانواده ها نیز افزایش داد و از طریق رسانه های جمعی اطلاعات لازم به دانش آموزان و معلمان داده شود. 2 Introduction: Healthy and nutritional habits are formed and consolidated during adolescence. So this research has been done in Ardakan-Yazd province on high school students' attitude to fast food use. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 200 students have been chosen by stratified sampling method and the data was collected by a questionnaire which approved its reliability and validity. All the descriptive data has been analyzed by SPSS 16 software through Chi-square experiment and ANOVA tests. Results: The results of the experiment determined that 55% of the students were female, and 93% were single. The students' BMI was as follow: 22% thin (BMI< 18.5) 56% normal (18.5≤ BMI< 25) 14.5% overweight (25≤ BMI< 30) 6.5% fat (obese) (BMI ≥30).The female has a positive attitude to fast foods (P= 0.03). The mean attitude score for eating fast food in 17-18 years old group was more than 15-16 years old students (P= 0.001). The mean attitude score also showed that the single students were more eager to eat fast foods than the married students (P= 0.001) Conclusion: Most of the people who use fast foods are low educated, teenagers, youth and singles. On the other hand, social media like TV and radio and family has a significant effect on correct nutritional habits. So improving family's attitudes and educating students and teachers by social media can help in transferring data to the students and their teachers. 11 17 2019/01/292018/10/102018/12/18 1397/9/27 2019/01/292019/01/282019/01/28 1397/11/8 شکوه فاضل پور Shokooh Fazelpour Department of Health Education, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran farzanehsardari@gmail.com نرجس حسینی Narjes Hosseini Department of Health Education, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran narjess.hosseini@yahoo.com زهرا فرزانه Zahra Farzaneh Department of Health Education, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran farzanehsardari@gmail.com فریماه شمسی Farimah Shamsi Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, Iran Iran farzanehsardari@gmail.com فرزانه سرداری Farzaneh Sardari Department of Medical Information and Librarianship, School of Management & Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran farzanehsardari@gmail.com جلال نیکوکاران Jalal Nikukaran Department of Healthcare Services Management, School of public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, Iran Iran farzanehsardari@gmail.com Attitude High school students Fast Foods Yazd نگرش دانش آموزان دبیرستانی فست فود اردکان یزد Heshmati H, Behnampour N, Homaei E, et al. Predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption among female high school students based on PRECEDE model. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion. 2014;1(4): 5-14.##Hatami H, Razavi S, Eftekhar-Ardabili H. Text book of public health. Tehran: Arjmand Press; 2008.##Purtell K. Fast Food Could Make Children Perform Worse in School. Science Human Behavior.Time 22 Dec. 2014. Available at: http://time.com/3643622/fast-food-school-children-grades/##Pereira MA, Kartashov AI, Ebbeling CB, et al. Fast-food habits, weight gain, and insulin resistance (the CARDIA study): 15-year prospective analysis. The Lancet. 2005; 365(9453): 36-42.##Bowman SA, Vinyard BT. Fast food consumption of US adults: impact on energy and nutrient intakes and overweight status. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2004; 23(2): 163-168.##Kim KW, Shin EM, Moon EH. A study on fast food consumption, nutritional knowledge, food behavior and dietary intake of university students. Journal of The Korean Dietetic Association. 2004;10(1):13-24.##Perumalla Venkata R, Subramanyam R. Evaluation of the deleterious health effects of consumption of repeatedly heated vegetable oil. Toxicology Reports. 2016; 3: 636-643.##Driskell JA, Meckna BR, Scales NE. Differences exist in the eating habits of university men and women at fast-food restaurants. Nutrition Research. 2006; 26(10): 524-530.##French SA, Harnack L, Jeffery RW. Fast food restaurant use among women in the Pound of Prevention study: dietary, behavioral and demographic correlates. International Journal of Obesity. 2000; 24(10): 1353.##Sothern MS. Obesity prevention in children: physical activity and nutrition. Nutrition. 2004; 20(7): 704-708.##Caroli M, Lagravinese D. Prevention of obesity. Nutrition Research. 2002; 22(1-2): 221-226.##Brownell KD. Does a" toxic" environment make obesity inevitable?. Obssity Management. 2005; 1(2): 52-55.##Doustmohammadian A, Keshavarz SA, Doustmohammadian S, et al. Nutritional status and dietary intake among adolescent girls. Journal of Paramedical Sciences.2013;4(Supp.):72-77.##ALFaris NA, Al-Tamimi JZ, Al-Jobair MO, et al. Trends of fast food consumption among adolescent and young adult Saudi girls living in Riyadh. Food & Nutrition Research. 2015; 59(1): 26488.##Morse KL, Driskell JA. Observed sex differences in fast-food consumption and nutrition self-assessments and beliefs of college students. Nutrition Research. 2009; 29(3): 173-179.##Dave JM, An LC, Jeffery RW, et al. Relationship of attitudes toward fast food and frequency of fast food intake in adults. Obesity. 2009; 17(6): 1164-1170.##Bauer KW, Larson NI, Nelson MC, et al. Socio-environmental, personal and behavioural predictors of fast-food intake among adolescents. Public Health Nutrition. 2009; 12(10): 1767-1774.##Paeratakul S, Ferdinand DP, Champagne CM, et al. Fast-food consumption among US adults and children: dietary and nutrient intake profile. Journal of the American dietetic Association. 2003; 103(10): 1332-1338.##Mohr P, Wilson C, Dunn K, et al. Personal and lifestyle characteristics predictive of the consumption of fast foods in Australia. Public Health Nutrition. 2007; 10(12): 1456-1463.##Satia JA, Galanko JA, Siega-Riz AM. Eating at fast-food restaurants is associated with dietary intake, demographic, psychosocial and behavioural factors among African Americans in North Carolina. Public Health Nutrition. 2004; 7(8): 1089-1096.##Rydell SA, Harnack LJ, Oakes JM, et al. Why eat at fast-food restaurants: reported reasons among frequent consumers. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2008; 108(12): 2066-2070.##Bowman S, Vinyard B. Fast food consumers vs. non-fast food consumers: A comparison of their energy intakes, diet quality, and overweight status. Journal of American College of Nutrition. 2004; 23(2): 163-168.##Blanck HM, Yaroch AL, Atienza AA, et al. Factors influencing lunchtime food choices among working Americans. Health Education & Behavior. 2009; 36(2): 289-301.##Ayala GX, Mueller K, Lopez-Madurga E, et al. Restaurant and food shopping selections among Latino women in Southern California. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2005; 105(1): 38-45.##King T, Kavanagh AM, Jolley D, et al. Weight and place: a multilevel cross-sectional survey of area-level social disadvantage and overweight/obesity in Australia. International journal of obesity. 2006; 30(2): 281.##Fazelpour S, Baghianimoghadam M, Nagharzadeh A, et al. Assessment of fast food concumption among people of Yazd city. Toloo-E-Behdasht.2011; 10(2): 25-34.[Persian]##Larson NI, Neumark-Sztainer DR, Story MT, et al. Fast food intake: longitudinal trends during the transition to young adulthood and correlates of intake. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2008; 43(1): 79-86.##Cameron AJ, Welborn TA, Zimmet PZ, et al. 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The Interaction between Insurance Organizations and Health System: The Insurance Mechanism based on Game Theory تعامل بین سازمان های بیمه گر و نظام سلامت: مکانیزم بیمه ای بر مبنای تئوری بازی ها 2 1 مقدمه: در راستای دستیابی به بالاترین سطح تعاملات اثربخش بین دو سازمان بیمه گر و نظام سلامت، تلاش برای شناسایی چالش های ارتباطی موجود برای سیاستگذاران و تصمیم گیران مورد نیاز است. مطالعه حاضربا شناسایی رفتارهای تعاملی و با هدف طراحی مکانیزم بیمه ای جهت پوشش خلاءهای موجود انجام شد. روش ها : مطالعه حاضر به صورت ترکیبی شامل دو مرحله کیفی و کمی است. در فاز کیفی داده ها از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته با تعدادی از متخصصین در امور بیمه ای در سازمان های بیمه گر و نظام سلامت جمع آوری و طبقه بندی گردید. در فاز کمی مطالعه به تعیین رفتارهای تعاملی بین دو سازمان پرداخته شد. بازی های طراحی شده مرتبط به این رفتارهای متعامل در بین کارشناسان و مسئولین دو سازمان توزیع گردید. در نهایت با کمک نرم افزار گام بیت مکانیزم بیمه ای طراحی و استراتژی های رفتاری تعاملی بهینه ارائه شد. یافته ها:در فاز کیفی داده ها در 3 طبقه اصلی شامل :رفتاری و ارتباطی، ساختاری و مالی و کسورات و 11 زیر طبقه استخراج و طبقه بندی شد. در فاز کمی 35 استراتژی رفتاری تعاملی بهینه مشخص شد که 24 استراتژی مربوط به نظام سلامت و 11 استراتژی مربوط به سازمان های بیمه گر می باشد. نتیجه گیری: بهترین استراتژی های رفتاری در تعامل بین سازمان های بیمه گر و نظام سلامت بمنظور پوشش خلاء های سیستم بیمه ای و بهبود تعامل بین این دو سازمان،در قالب 35 مورد جهت ارائه مکانیزم بیمه ای معرفی گردید. 2 Introduction: In order to achieve the highest level of effective interaction between the insurance organizations and the health system, efforts should be made to identify existing communication challenges for policymakers and decision makers. The present study was conducted to identify interactive behaviors aimed at designing an insurance mechanism based on game theory to cover the existing gaps. Methods: This study consisted of two phases of qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative phase, data were collected and classified by a semi-structured interview with a number of insurance professionals in insurance organizations and the health system. In the quantitative phase of the study, interactive behaviors between the two organizations were studied. Finally, with the help of Gambit software, the insurance mechanism was designed. Results: In the qualitative phase, the data were collected in three main categories: behavioral and communicative, structural and financial and deductibles and 11 sub-categories. In the quantitative phase, 35 optimal interactive behavioral strategies were delineated. Conclusion: The best behavioral strategy for interaction between insurance organizations and health system, to fill gaps in insurance system and to improve the interaction between the two organizations, was introduced in the form of 35 strategies to provide an insurance mechanism. 18 28 2019/01/292018/10/102018/12/182019/03/9 1397/12/18 2019/01/292019/01/282019/01/282019/03/9 1397/12/18 محسن پاکدامن Mohsen Pakdaman Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran Iran میلاد شفیعی Milad Shafiei Department of Health Services Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran Iran سارا گراوندی Sara Geravandi Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran علی حجازی Ali Hejazi Department of Community Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Iran فرهاد عبدی Farhad Abdi Department of Health Services Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran Iran farhadtl@hotmail.com Game theory Health system Insurance organizations Insurance mechanism تئوری بازی نظام سلامت سازمان های بیمه گر موانع ارتباطی مکانیزم بیمه ای 1. Semnani S, keshtkarr A. Assessing of equality on health care cost in Gorgan population laboratory study. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2003; 5(2): 53-59. [Persian]##2. Ahmadi A, Taheri E. Factors affecting health expenditures of households in Iran: application of Ordered Probit model. Journal of Health Administration (JHA). 2017; 20(67): 89-97.##3. Maleki M, Ebrahimipour H, Karimi I, et al. Challenges of sustainable public insurance in Iran. Payesh. 2010; 9(2): 173-187.##4. Nasiriad N, Rashidian A, Joodaki H, et al. Assessing issues and problems in relatioship between basic insurance organizations and university hospitals: a qualitative research. Journal of Hospital. 2010; 9(1): 5-18.##5. Dehnaviyah R, Haji Zadeh M, Najafi B. A survey on the causes and rate of insurance deduction bills with Iranian medical services insurance organization on inpatients’ bills in Hasheminejhad and Firoozgar hospitals. Special Scientific Journal of Health Services Universal Insurance. 2004; 25(7): 70-74.##6. Tavakoli N, Saghaeian-nejad S, Rezayatmand MR, et al. Documentation of medical records and insurance deductions imposed by health services Insurance. Health Information Management. 2006; 3(2): 53-61. [Persian]##7. Karimi S, Vesal S, Saieedfar S, et al. Evaluation of insurance deductions and suggested strategies on hospital bills Seyed alshohada. Health Information Management. 2011; 7: 590-604.##8. IRNA. Health insurance, the response to the need to take action sooner. Available at: URL: http://www.irna.ir/fa/NewsPrint.aspx?ID=81127820. Accessed March 13, 2019.##9. Insurance Institute. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the coefficient of influence of the insurance industry of the country. Available at: URL: http://www.irc.ac.ir/news/upload/pen.pdf. Accessed March 13, 2019.##10. Ibrahimipour H, Maleki MR, Brown R, et al. A qualitative study of the difficulties in reaching sustainable universal health insurance coverage in Iran. Health Policy and Planning. 2011; 26(6): 485-495.##11. Davari M, Haycox A, Walley T. Health care financing in iran; is privatization a good solution?. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2012; 41(7):14-23.##12. Bahrami MA, Vatankhah S, Tabibi SJ, et al. Designing a health system performance assessment model for Iran. Health Information Management. 2011; 8(3): 285-305.##13. Khedmatgozar M. Comparative analysis Right to terminate as one of the legal remedy violations of contractual obligations. Case Research Journal. 2008; 1(47): 183-204. [Persian]##14. Tabatabaei SS, Kalhor R. The prevalence and causes of insurance deductions in records bills. Homa-ye-Salamat Journal. 2006; 3(5): 21-23.##15. Tavakoli G, Mahdavi S, Shokrolah Zadeh M. The study of MSIO & SSO insurance companies deductions in Keraman Shafa Hospital in 2001. Imam Hossein University Press; 2002. [Persian]##16. Dehnavie R. Study of MSIO insurance companies deductions in Hasheminejad & Firuzgar Hospital in 2002. Special Issue of The Scientific Journal of Medical Services Insurance. 2004.##17. Abdolhak M. Health information of a strategic resource. USA: W.B Saunders Company; 2001. ##18. Kesselheim AS, Brennan TA. Overbilling vs. downcoding—the battle between physicians and insurers. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005; 352(9): 855-857.##19. Hatam N, Askarian M, Pourmohammadi K. The implication of quality improvement module in using medical records and its effect on hospital income. Health Information Management. 2008; 5(2): 111-119. [Persian]##20. Saif Rabie MA, Sedighi I, Mazdeh M, et al. Evaluation of information registration in hospitals records of Hamadan university of medical sciences. Scientific Journal of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. 2009; 16(2): 45-49. [Persian]##21. Purdom DT, Griffith RS, Weaver DL. 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Investigating and Prioritizing Factors Affecting Health Literacy in University Students of Yazd Using Artificial Neural Network Technique بررسی و اولویت بندی عوامل موثر بر سواد سلامت دانشجویان شهر یزد با استفاده از تکنیک شبکه عصبی مصنوعی 2 1 مقدمه: دانشجویان فعلی پدران و مادران بالقوه و بالفعل نسل های آینده هستند. میزان سواد سلامت آن ها بر سلامت و سطح سواد سلامت نسل های آینده تاثیر دارد. لذا هدف از این مطالعه بررسی و اولویتبندی عوامل موثر بر سواد سلامت دانشجویان شهر یزد با استفاده از تکنیک شبکه عصبی مصنوعی بود. روش ها : پژوهش حاضر مقطعی از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی بوده است که روی 400 دانشجوی مشغول به تحصیل در دانشگاههای شهر یزد در پاییز 1397 انجام شد. دادهها در خصوص متغیر وابسته سواد سلامت و 14 متغیر مستقل، با استفاده از پرسشنامه جمعآوری شد. تحلیل دادهها با نرم افزارSPSS و توسط تحلیل های آمار توصیفی، آزمون تی تک نمونه ای و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی انجام گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین سواد سلامت دانشجویان در این مطالعه 80.65±12.21 به دست آمد. مهم ترین عوامل تاثرگذار بر سواد سلامت، مقطع تحصیلی، گروه علمی، میزان تحصیلات پدر، سن و محل اقامت بود. نتیجه گیری: از آنجا که مهم ترین عامل موثر بر سواد سلامت، مقطع تحصیلی بود، توصیه می شود دست اندرکاران دانشگاه از فضای دانشگاه برای برگزاری کلاس ها، سخنرانی ها و کارگاه ها استفاده کنند، منابع اطلاعاتی مناسب مانند بروشورها، جزوه ها در میان دانشجویان توزیع کنند و ایستگاه های اطلاعات بهداشتی در مکان هایی مانند سالن غذاخوری، ورودی دانشگاه و خوابگاه برای ارتقای سواد بهداشتی دانشجویان در مقاطع پایین تر فراهم کنند. 2 Background: Current university students are potential and actual parents of future generations. The level of their health literacy affects health and health literacy level of future generations. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was investigating and prioritizing the factors affecting the health literacy of students in Yazd (a city in central Iran) using an artificial neural network technique. Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive and it was conducted on 400 university students in Yazd during autumn 2018. Data were collected using a questionnaire on health literacy and 14 independent variables. Data were analyzed with SPSS software via descriptive statistics, one sample T-test, and artificial neural network. Results: The mean of students' health literacy was 80.65±12.21. The most important factors affecting the level of students' health literacy were the grade, college, father's education level, age, and residence. Conclusion: Since grade had the greatest impact on health literacy of students, it is suggested that university officials consider the campus to hold classes, lectures, workshops and distribute appropriate resources such as brochures, booklets among students and also provide health information stations at locations such as dining room, university entrance, and dormitory to promote students' health literacy in lower grades. 29 37 2019/01/292018/10/102018/12/182019/03/92018/12/17 1397/9/26 2019/01/292019/01/282019/01/282019/03/92019/01/28 1397/11/8 حمیده شکاری Hamideh Shekari Department of Public Administration, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Iran h.shekari@ymail.com Health Literacy Neural Networks Students سواد سلامت شبکه عصبی دانشجویان Bodur AS, Filiz E, Kalkan I. Factors affecting health literacy in adults: a community based study in Konya, Turkey. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2017; 10(1): 100-109.##Pashaeypoor S, Salemi N, Ansari M. The relationship between health literacy and the use of social networking in administrative staff of Tehran university of medical sciences. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research. 2018; 13(2): 66-72. [Persian]##Lorini C, Ierardi F, Bachini L, et al. The antecedents and consequences of health literacy in an ecological perspective: results from an experimental analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(4): 798-812.##Jansen T, Rademakers J, Waverijn G, et al. The role of health literacy in explaining the association between educational attainment and the use of out-of-hours primary care services in chronically ill people: a survey study. BMC Health Services Research. 2018; 18(1): 394.##Farghadani Z, Taheri-Kharameh Z, Amiri-Mehra A, et al. The relationship between health literacy and self-care behaviors among patients with heart failure. Journal of School of Nursing and Midwifery of Tehran Medical Sciences University (Hayat). 2018; 24(2): 186-196. [Persian]##Mohammadi Farah S, Saati Asr MH, Kaviyani Manesh A, et al. Health literacy level and its related factors among college students of Hamadan university of medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Journal of Education and Community Health. 2017; 4(2): 11-17. [Persian]##Saatchi M, Panahi MH, AshrafMozafari A, et al. Health literacy and its associated factors: A population-based study, Hormoz Island. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2017; 13 (2): 136-144. [Persian]##Reisi M, Javadzade SH, Heydarabadi AB, et al. The relationship between functional health literacy and health promoting behaviors among older adults. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2014; 3: 119.##Tavousi M, HaeriMehrizi A, Rafiefar S, et al. Health literacy in Iran: findings from a national study. Payesh. 2016; 15(1): 95-102. [Persian]##Montazeri A, Tavousi M, Rakhshani M, et al. Health literacy for Iranian adults (HELIA): develoment and psychometric properties. Payesh. 2014; 13(5): 589-599. 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Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2018; 26(3): 1-15. [Persian]##Panahi R, Ramezankhani A, Tavousi M, et al. Evaluation of health literacy and its influencing factors on dormitory students of Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences in Tehran. Journal of Education and Community Health. 2016; 3(3): 30-36. [Persian]##Mahmoudi H, Taheri A. Relation between information literacy and health literacy of students in Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. Human Information Interaction. 2015; 2(2): 31-41. [Persian]##Rezaee Esfahrood Z, Haerian ardekani A, Rahmanian M, et al. A survey on health literacy of referred diabetic patients to Yazd diabetes research center. The Journal of Toloo-e-Behdasht. 2016; 15 (3):176-186. [Persian]##Rong H, Cheng X, Garcia JM, et al. Survey of health literacy level and related influencing factors in military college students in Chongqing, China: A cross-sectional analysis. Plos One. 2017; 12(5): 1-14.##Ziapoor A, Kianpoor N. Predicting health literacy of students in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016: The role of demographic variables. Journal of Health Literacy. 2016; 1(3): 182-190. [Persian]##Azimi S, Ramezankhani A, Rakhshani F, et al. Comparison of health literacy between medical and non-medical students in Shahid Beheshti universitiy in the academic year 92-93. Pejouhandeh. 2015; 20(2): 78-85. [Persian]##Cheng TL, Dreyer BP, Jenkins RR. Introduction: child health disparities and health literacy. Pediatrics. 2009; 124 (3): 161-162.## ##

Investigating Health Promotion Behaviors of Pregnant Women Referring to comprehensive Health Services centers of Bushehr city in 2016 بررسی رفتارهای ارتقاء دهنده سلامت مادران باردار مراجعه کننده به مراکز خدمات جامع سلامت شهر بوشهر در سال 1395 2 1 مقدمه: رفتارهای ارتقاء دهنده سلامت و سبک زندگی سالم از عوامل تأثیر‌گذار بر روی سلامتی مادران باردار می‌باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین رفتارهای ارتقاء دهنده سلامت در ماردان باردار مراجعه کننده به مراکز خدمات جامع سلامت شهر بوشهر در سال 1395 انجام گرفت. روش‌ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی 385 نفر از مادران باردار مراجعه کننده به مراکز خدمات جامع سلامت به صورت نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری دادها توسط پرسشنامه‌ای مشتمل بر دو بخش بود، بخش اول مربوط به سؤالات جمعیت شناختی و بخش دوم سؤالات مربوط به رفتارهای ارتقاء دهنده سلامت (Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II ) HPLP II شامل 52 سؤال بود. پس از تأیید روایی و پایایی ابزار، داده‌ها با استفاده از روش‌های آماری توصیفی و آزمون‌های آماری t ‌‎مستقل، همبستگی Pearson و آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین مجموع نمرات رفتارهای ارتقاء دهنده سلامت در حد مطلوب بود. همچنین در بین ابعاد رفتارهای ارتقاء دهنده سلامت حیطه مسئولیت‌پذیری سلامت با میانگین و انحراف معیار (78/5±25/38) بیشترین نمره و حیطه فعالیت فیزیکی با میانگین و انحراف معیار (47/5±24/16) کمترین نمره را داشتند. از بین متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی سن و سطح تحصیلات رابطه معنی‌داری با رفتارهای ارتقاء دهنده سلامت داشت(05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: نتایج مطالعه بیانگر سطح مطلوب رفتارهای ارتقاء دهنده سلامت در زنان شرکت کننده در مطالعه بود. ضروری است توجه بیشتری به حیطه‌های فعالیت فیزیکی، مدیریت استرس و روابط اجتماعی شود. 2 Introduction: Health promoting behaviors and healthy lifestyle are among the factors affecting the health of pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the health promotion behaviors in pregnant women who consulted the comprehensive health centers in Bushehr city in 2016. Methods: In this descriptive study, 385 pregnant women who consulted the comprehensive health centers were selected by convenience sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of two parts: the first part was related to demographic questions and the second part of the questions related to health promotion behaviors (Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II) HPLP II which includes 52 questions. After confirming the validity and reliability of the tool, the data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean score of health promotion behaviors was desirable. Also, among dimensions of health promotion behaviors, the area of health accountability with the mean and standard deviation of (38.25 ± 5.78) had the highest score, and the range of physical activity with the mean and standard deviation of (16.24 ± 5.47) had the lowest score. Age and education level, among demographic variables, had a significant relationship with health promoting behaviors (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study indicates the optimal level of health promotion behaviors in women participating in the field of our study. It is necessary to pay more attention to the areas of physical activity, stress management and social relationships. 38 45 2019/01/292018/10/102018/12/182019/03/92018/12/172019/01/29 1397/11/9 2019/01/292019/01/282019/01/282019/03/92019/01/282019/01/29 1397/11/9 مجتبی فتاحی اردکانی Mojtaba Fatahi Ardakani Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran ویدا سادات انوشه Vida Sadat Anoosheh Dpartment of Ergonomic, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran احمد ستوده Ahmad Sotoudeh Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. Iran عبدالله حاجی وندی Abdullah Hajivandi Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. Iran نرگس ستوده Narges Sotoudeh Department Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Iran زهرا یزدانی Zahra Yazdani Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. Iran Life Style Health Promotion Pregnancy Health Behavior Bushehr سبک زندگی ارتقاء سلامت بارداری رفتارهای ارتقاء دهنده سلامت بوشهر 1. Lo SW, Chair SY, Lee FK. Factors associated with health-promoting behavior of people with or at high risk of metabolic syndrome: based on the health belief model. Applied Nursing Research. 2015; 28(2): 197-201.##2. World Health Organization (WHO). Global Status Report on No communicable Diseases. Available at: URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/148114/9789241564854_eng.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed March 17 2019. ##3. Chiou AF, Hsu SP, Hung HF. Predictors of health-promoting behaviors in Taiwanese patients with coronary artery disease. Applied Nursing Research. 2016; 30(1): 1-6.##4. Chiang CH, Yang SC, Hsu WC. Development and validation of the e-health literacy scale and investigation of the relationships between e-health literacy and healthy behavior among undergraduate students in Taiwan. Formosa Journal of Mental Health. 2015; 28(3): 389-420.##5. Yokokawa H, Yuasa M, Sanada H, et al. Age- and sex-specific impact of health literacy on healthy lifestyle characteristics among Japanese residents in a rural community. Health. 2015; 7(6): 679-688.##6. Saint Onge JM, Krueger PM. Health lifestyle behaviors among U.S. adults. SSM - Population Health. 2017; 3(1): 89–98.##7. Ahmadi A, Roosta F. Health knowledge and health promoting lifestyle among women of childbearing age in Shiraz. Women's Health Bulletin. 2015; 2(3): e25342.##8. Shaheen AM, Nassar OS, Amre HM, et al. Factors affecting health-promoting behaviors of university students in Jordan. Health. 2015; 7(1): 1-8.##9. Tehrani H, Taghdisi MH. Community action: a strategy for health promotion. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion. 2015; 2(4): 255-259. [Persian]##10. Allah ES, Elzeiny HH, Ali RA. Health protecting and health promoting behaviors among preparatory school students in Zagazig city. American Journal of Nursing. 2015; 4(5): 247-254.##11. Baghersad Z, Shirazi M, Rasouli Z. Comparative study of health promoting behaviors among nursing, midwifery and operating room students in nursing and midwifery school of Isfahan university of medical sciences. Journal of Health Promotion Management. 2016; 5(2): 31-41. [Persian]##12. Khodaveisi M, Shabani A, Mohhamadi N, et al. Assessing predictors of health-improving behaviors of females referred to healthcare centers. Journal of Health Promotion Management. 2016; 6(3): 44-50. [Persian]##13. Mahmoodi H, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Babazadeh T, et al. Health promoting behaviors in pregnant women admitted to the prenatal care unit of Imam Khomeini hospital of Saqqez. Journal of Education and Community Health. 2015; 1(4): 58-65. [Persian]##14. Rosta F, Ahmadi A. Self-Efficacy and Health Promoting Behaviors among Women of Reproductive Ages in Shiraz during 2013. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 24(2): 90- 100. [Persian]##15. Lee FH, Wang HH. A preliminary study of a health-promoting lifestyle among Southeast Asian women in Taiwan. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences. 2005; 21(3): 114-120.##16. Gharaibeh M, Al‐Maratha R, Al Jada N. Life-style practices of Jordanian pregnant women. International Nursing Review. 2005; 52(2): 92-100.##17. Sehhatie Shafai F, Sadeghi S, Kushavar H, et al. The review on lifestyle and its relation with the pregnancy outcome in the pregnant women com-ing to educational hospitals of Tabriz in 2004. Research Journal of Medical Sciences. 2007; 1(2): 91-94. [Persian]##18. Monk C, Fifer WP, Myers MM, et al. Maternal stress responses and anxiety during pregnancy: effects on fetal heart rate. Developmental Psychobiology: The Journal of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology. 2000; 36(1): 67-77.##19. Mohammadi Zaidi A. Pakpur Hajiagha A, Mohammadi Zeidi B. Validity and reliability of the Persian version of promoting health lifestyle questionnaire. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2011; 21(1): 103-113. [Persian]##20. Montazeri N, Kianipour N, Nazari B, et al. Health promoting behaviors among university students: a case-sectional study of Kermanshah University of medical sciences. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2017; 5(6): 5091-5099.##21. Walker SN, Sechrist KR, Pender NJ. The health-promoting lifestyle profile: development and psychometric characteristics. Nursing Research. 1987; 36(2): 76-81.##22. Malakouti J, Sehhati F, Mirghafourvand M, et al. Relationship between health promoting lifestyle and perceived stress in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Journal of Caring Sciences. 2015; 4(2): 155-163. [Persian]##23. Chen L, Zhang J, Fua F. Health-promoting lifestyles and their related influences among nursing assistants in nursing homes in China. Applied Nursing Research. 2018; 39(1): 97–102.##24. Hsiao CY, Chien MJ, Wu HS, et al. Correlates of health-promoting lifestyle behaviors among Vietnamese female immigrants in Taiwan. Women Health. 2017; 57(3): 342-357.##25. Hosseini M, Yaghmaei F, Hosseinzadeh S, et al. Psychometric “health promotion lifestyle profile 2”The Urban Health Center. Payesh. 2013; 11(6): 849-856. [Persian]##26. Cheng J, Wang T, Li F, et al. Self-rated health status and subjective health complaints associated with health-promoting lifestyles among urban Chinese women: a cross- sectional study. Plos One. 2015; 10(2): 1-13.##27. Kavlak O, Atan SU, Sirin A, et al. Pregnant Turkish women with low income: their anxiety, health-promoting lifestyles, and related factors. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2013; 19(5): 507–515.##28. Lindqvist M, Lindkvist M, Eurenius E, et al. 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Survey of Financial Literacy of Bank Customers on the Use of Electronic Banking and Reducing of Traffic Accidents تاثیر سواد مالی مشتریان بانک بر استفاده از بانکداری الکترونیک و تاثیر آن بر کاهش حوادث ترافیکی 2 1 مقدمه: یکی از عوامل موثر بر سلامت جامعه، عوامل اقتصادی است و سواد مالی و آشنایی در زمینه بانکداری الکترونیکی می تواند بر میزان اقتصاد افراد تاثیر گذار باشد. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر سواد مالی مشتریان بانک بر استفاده از بانکداری الکترونیک و تاثیر برکاهش حوادث ترافیکی است روش تحقیق: متغیرهای این پژوهش سواد مالی و استفاده از بانکداری الکترونیکی می باشد که از طریق پرسشنامه اندازه‌گیری می‌شوند. جامعه تحقیق مشتریان بانک های استان یزد می باشند. نمونه تحقیق با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی 380 نفر تعیین گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها ازطریق روش مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری(SEM) با رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی(PLS) استفاده شده است. نتایج: تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان داد 73 درصد نمونه آماری مرد و 38 درصد سن آنها بین 30-39 سال و و 41 درصد دارای تحصیلات لیسانس می باشد. مقدارضریب مسیر(بتا) سواد مالی مشتریان بانک بر استفاده از بانکداری الکترونیکی برابر (493/0) است. نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاکی از تاثیر مثبت و معنادار سواد مالی و حوزه های آن بر استفاده از بانکداری الکترونیک می باشد که خود میتواند بطور غیرمستقیم با کاهش رفت و آمدها موجب کم شدن ترافیک و در نتیجه کاهش حوادث جاده ای شود. 2 Introduction: One of the factors affecting the health of the society is economic factors, and financial literacy and familiarity in the field of electronic banking can affect the economics of individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of financial literacy of bank customers on the use of electronic banking and the reduction of traffic accidents. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in a researcher-made questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha = 0.87. The research community was Yazd banks' customers in 2017. The research sample was determined and 380 people were randomly selected. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS) approach. Results: Data analysis showed that 73% of the samples was male and 38% of them were between the ages of 30-39 and 41% had a bachelor's degree. The value of the path coefficient (beta) of the customers’ financial literacy to the use of electronic banking is equal to (0.493). Conclusion: The results indicated a positive and significant impact of financial literacy and its domains on the use of electronic banking, which can indirectly reduce traffic and road accidents. 46 53 2019/01/292018/10/102018/12/182019/03/92018/12/172019/01/292019/03/9 1397/12/18 2019/01/292019/01/282019/01/282019/03/92019/01/282019/01/292019/03/9 1397/12/18 محسن قانع Mohsen Ghane Department of Accounting, School of Management, Accounting, and Economy, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran. Bank Assistant Manager, Danesh Junction Branch, Refah Bank, Yazd, Iran Iran نسیم شاهمرادی Nasim Shahmoradi Department of Accounting, School of Management, Accounting, and Economy, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran Iran مسعود معین Mahmoud Moein Department of Accounting, School of Management, Accounting, and Economy, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran Iran Financial literacy Electronic banking Traffic accidents سواد مالی بانکداری الکترونیک حوادث ترافیکی 1. Moradi J, Izadi M. An investigation into the effects of investors’ financial literacy on securities investment decisions. Journal of Managament System. 2015; 4(13): 127-150.##2. Dianati Dilami Z, Hanifezadeh M. Financial literacy level of tehran households and its determinant factors. Financial Knowledge of Securities Analysis. 2015; 8(26): 115-139.##3. Klapper P. Student perceptions of financial literacy: relevance to practice. Journal of Social Service Research. 2014; 36(5): 470-481.##4. Taghavifard MT, Zahedi Adib M, Torabi M. Effective factors on the use of internet banking services by customers (Case: Mellat Bank). Journal of Information Processing and Management. 2012; 27(3): 539-559.##5. Ahmad MS, Rashid S, Masood MT, et al. E-banking: a case study of askari commercial bank Pakistan. Management & Marketing Journal. 2011; 9(2).##6. Alsajjan B, Dennis C. Internet banking acceptance model: cross-market examination. Journal of Business Research. 2010; 63(9-10): 957-963.##7. Rastgar A, Aghamohamadi Z. The investigation of effective factors in acceptance of electronic banking (Mellat Bank Case Study). Journal of Business Management. 2012; 3 (10): 93-114 ##8. DilMuqani S, GhulamHossein Zadeh k, Asiabi M. The effect of electronic banking deployment on customer satisfaction in agricultural bank branches in West Azarbaijan Province. New Research in Humanities. 2016; 3(9): 296-322.##9. Mehregan N, Ghasemifar S, Sohrabivafa H, et al. The impact of economic and social conditions on mental health in Yazd Province (2009-2012). Quarterly of Parliament and Strategy. 2016; 23(85): 85-106.##10. Tabrizi A, Navabakhsh M. Investigating the social health of Tehran citizens and its effective factors. Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies. 2016; 8(4):111-128.##11. Parsay S, Kolahi AA. Community based health assessment syllabus. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University; 2007.##12. Araqi E, Vahedian M. Study on susceptible and damages from motorcycle accidents in Mashhad in 2005. Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences. 2007; 13(1): 34-39.##13. Rangraz Jeddi F, Farzandipour M. Epidemiology of trauma in patients hospitalized in Naghavi Hospital, Kashan, 2000. Feyz Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. 2002; 6(2): 88-93.##14. Ziari K, Karimi Ghotbabadi F, Ghasemi F. The pattern of spatial traffic accidents in the city of Shiraz. Journal of Spatial Planning. 2013; 3(4): 117-132.##15. Nejati F, Ahmadi M, Lali M, et al. Effect of financial literacy on retirement planning and family wealth. International conference on economics, accounting, management and social sciences; Poland; 2014.##16. Kindle PA. Student perceptions of financial literacy: relevance to practice. Journal of Social Service Research. 2010; 36(5): 470-481.##17. Yeow B J, Loo H. Financial illiteracy: an american study on the effectiveness of web-based financial literacy technology training on african high school students in Pittsburgh. Pensylvanian: Robert Morris University; 2015.##18. Abbaszadeh MR, Koohi H, Dastjerdi H, et al. Evaluation of electronic banking in Iranian banks by using data envelopment analysis model and principal component analysis. 11th National Accounting Conference of Iran; Tehran; 2013.##19. Imami L, Mahdavi K. The factors affecting the growth of electronic banking (case study: National Bank branches in Ilam). Ilam Culture. 2017;17(52.53): 82-97.##20. Godarzi A, Zobaidi H. The effects of e-banking on commercial banks profitability: the case of Iran. Economic Research. 2008; 11(35): 111-140.##21. Babaei A, Nejad FR, AbolFattahi E. The relationship between financial literacy of school administrators and demographic characteristics (case study: schools administrators of Abdanan City). 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Gender Differences in Children Mental Health Disorders after Earthquakes in Iran: A Systematic Review تفاوتهای جنسیتی در اختلالات سلامت روان کودکان بعد از زلزله در ایران: مرور سیستماتیک 2 1 مقدمه: زلزله همه ساله در سراسر جهان رخ میدهد و ایران یکی از زلزله خیزترین کشورهای جهان است که رتبه 15 در بین 120 کشور را در زمینه زلزله خیز بودن داراست. کودکان از آسیب پذیرترین گروههایی هستند که در زلزله تحت تاثیر قرار می گیرند و بعد از زلزله می توان در آنان عوارض منفی زلزله را مشاهده کرد. روش ها: این مطالعه از روش مرور سیستماتیک بهره برده است. سلامت روان، روانی اجتماعی،اختلال استرس پس از سانحه و استرس کلیدواژه‌های مطالعه برای جستجو بودند که در پایگاه اطلاعاتی جهاد دانشگاهی(سید) ، مجلات تخصصی نور (نورمگز) و گوگل اسکالر برای جستجو استفاده شد. جستجو به زبان فارسی و فقط بین مقالات فارسی‌زبان صورت گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج در پنج بخش (مداخلات روانی اجتماعی، نشانه‌های اختلال، جنسیت، سن و منطقه جغرافیایی) ارائه شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که مداخلات روانی اجتماعی موردمطالعه در تحقیقات موردبررسی اثربخش بوده و تفاوت جنسیتی در خصوص نشانه‌های اختلال سلامت روان بعد از زلزله در ایران وجود دارد. به‌علاوه، دختران موردمطالعه در تمامی نشانه‌های اختلال استرس پس از سانحه به‌جز در نشانه خشم میزان بیشتری از پسران را از خود نشان دادند اما فراوانی نشانه‌های اختلال استرس بعد از حادثه در بین پسران بعد از زلزله در ایران بیشتر بود. نتیجه‌گیری: مطالعات در ایران در خصوص اختلال سلامت روان بعد از زلزله در ایران ازنظر جنسیتی فقط بر دختران و پسران متمرکز بوده و مشخص شد که این اختلالات در بین دختران در تمام سنین کودکی بیشتر است. در گروه سنی 13 تا 18 سال این اختلالات کمتر از گروه سنی 7 تا 12 سال دیده‌شده است. 2 Introduction: Earthquake occurs in the world every year and Iran is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world with the ranking of 15 between 120 countries. Children are the most vulnerable group in disasters and they have a number of negative symptoms after a disaster. Methods: This study used the systematic review method and followed systematic review principles. Mental health, earthquake, psychosocial, PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, and stress were the keywords used to search in the Iranian scientific information database (SID), Noor Specialized Magazines (Noormags) and Google Scholar. The language of the search was Farsi and just Farsi articles were included in the review. Results: The result were presented in five sections (Psychosocial interventions, Signs of disorder, Gender, Age, Geographical area). It showed psychosocial interventions of those studied in reviewed papers were effective and there were gender differences in children mental health disorders after earthquakes in Iran. In addition, PTSD group, girls reported all the symptoms of PTSD more than the boys except anger symptoms, , but the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in males was higher than in girls. Conclusion: Iranian studies just focused on male and female gender and found that disorders are higher in girls of different ages in childhood. In the age group of 13 to 18 years, the frequency of each disorder was less than that of the seven to twelve-year old group. 54 64 2019/01/292018/10/102018/12/182019/03/92018/12/172019/01/292019/03/92019/03/9 1397/12/18 2019/01/292019/01/282019/01/282019/03/92019/01/282019/01/292019/03/92019/03/9 1397/12/18 حامد صدیقی Hamed Seddighi Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran ha.seddighi@uswr.ac.ir ابراهیم سلمانی Ibrahim Salmani Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Children Mental health Earthquake Natural disaster PTSD Gender کودکان سلامت روان زلزله بلایای طبیعی جنسیت اختلال استرس پس از سانحه 1. Guha-Sapir D, Vos F, Below R, et al. Annual disaster statistical review 2011: the numbers and trends. Brussels: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) ; 2012.##2. Leaning J, Guha-Sapir D. 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