Cancer: The Future Features in Iran 2 2 Today, cancer is the main reason of the 12 % of mortality around the world. It is the second most important reason of death in the developed countries and the third most important one in the developing countries. The frequency of cancer cases in the developed countries is much higher than that of the developing countries, but statistics signify that the rate of cancer incidence is increasing faster in the developing countries and it is predicted that in the oncoming decades, there will be more fluctuations in the frequency and incidence within these two poles of world countries put another way, the developed countries will be supplanted by the developing ones. Considering this rate, there will be 15 million cases of cancer in 2020, 6 million (40%) of whom in the developed countries and 9 million (60%) of whom in the developing ones(1). Comparing the statistics, we will clearly feel the imminent danger: unbeknown to us, the cancer is spreading fast. The annual statistics show that incidence is increasing in our country according to the epidemiological transition, change in the appearance of diseases, and the lifestyle. Each year, 90000 cases are recorded in our country it is forecast that this number will amount to 154000 cases in the next 15 years (70% increase)(2). Currently, 205 out of 100000 men and 164 out of 100000 women contract cancer in the developed countries. In Iran, this number is as follows 134 out of 100000 for men and 128 out of 100000 for women, namely there is a 60 or 70 out of 100000 distance between the cancer incidence in Iran and that of the developed countries. In Iran, the rate of death to cancer incidence is 73% in a year, while the global average is 58 % and the average in the developed countries goes less than 50%. This high number, accompanied by exorbitant treatment expenditure, shows that there is not a well-established approach in Iran for planning and taking actions with regard to cancer. Generally, the change in lifestyle like smoking tobacco, wrong diet patterns, low amount of fruit and vegetable consumption, change in the pattern of using salt and sugar, inadequate physical activity, obesity, increase in blood pressure, stresses, genetically hazardous factors, environmental risky factors, past records on contracting several diseases are conducive to cancer and it seems that lifestyle is the first on this list(3). The number of cancer cases will grow in Iran, considering dangers and the improvement of life expectancy and longevity in the future. It is noteworthy that half of the cancers are preventable and the other half curable if diagnosed early. Identifying the reasons of cancer and considering the current bulging situation, interventionist measures should be taken in 15-20 years based on society and assisted by people and inter-departmental cooperation. Capabilities, planning, training the experts, providing the equipment and the required drugs must be done so that there will not be an excess in the cancer incidence and its treatment will also be more at hand. 225 225 2015/03/8 1393/12/17 2015/03/8 1393/12/17 محمد حسن لطفی Mohammad Hasan Lotfi جبار شفیعی Jabbar Shafiei World cancer report, An IARC publication, distributed by WHO##2. The report of registering cancer cases issued by IRI ministry of health ##3. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en ## ##

Monitoring of Zinc level in Milk of Breastfeeding Mothers at First Month of Delivery ارزیابی سطح روی در شیر مادران شیرده در ماه اول شیردهی 2 1 مقدمه: روی از عناصر ضروری برای رشد و نمو و حفظ سلامت بافت‌ها به شمار می‌رود. روی برای فعالیت بیش از 300 نوع آنزیم در بدن انسان ضروری است. دراین مطالعه، غلظت ریزمغذی روی درشیر مادران متعلق به یک ماه اول شیردهی سنجش و ارزیابی شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی – به روش مقطعی در فروردین 1393 به روش ساده انجام شد. از 150 مادر که در شهر یزد زایمان کرده بودند، منحصرا در مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی شهری نمونه‌گیری شد. حجمml 20-10 شیر به روش دستی در 3 نوبت به فاصله 5، 10 و 30 روزگی بعد از زایمان در صبح و بعد از تغذیه کودک جمع آوری گردید. غلظت ریز مغذی روی به روش اسپکتروفتومتر جذب اتمی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج حاصل از پرسشنامه‌ها و مقدار عنصر روی در شیر به روش آزمون ANOVA ارزیابی شدند. نتایج: میانگین سن مادران67/4±40/27 سال بود. میانگین غلظت روی در شیر مادران mg/l35/0±60/2 بدست آمد. غلظت روی در شیر در مینیمم مقدار رنج استاندارد برای شیر مادر قرار داشت. نتایج آزمون‌های آماری نشان داد که غلظت روی در شیر مادران با سن، سطح تحصیلات، شغل و BMI مادران ارتباط معنی‌داری نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری: باتوجه به اینکه اکثر کودکان درماه اول از شیر مادر تغذیه می‌کنند. همچنین وجود عنصر روی در دوران کودکی به علت رشد سریع بدن یک نیاز بسیار حیاتی است، پیشنهاد یک رژیم غذایی حاوی ریز مغذی‌ها برای جبران کمبود عناصر در سرم مادران و متقابلا غذای کودک توصیه می‌گردد. 2 Introduction: Zinc plays a vital role in various biological functions and physical growth. More than 300 enzymes in body need zinc for proper function. In this study, the concentration of the zinc micronutrient in breast milk was evaluated and analyzed at the first month of breastfeeding. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study of 150 breastfeeding mothers in the 2014 who had given birth in Yazd and were sampled in a simple way. Sampling was done exclusively in the health and treatment centers in the city, in the spring of 2014. 10- 20 ml samples of breast milk were taken manually in the morning and before infants' feeding, in 3 times of 5, 15 and 30 days after delivery, to measure the micronutrient of zinc. The concentration of zinc was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy.Data obtained by questionnaires and atomic absorption was analyzed by ANOVA test. Results: The average age of mothers was 27.40 ± 4.67 years. The average level of zinc in breast milk was 2.60 ± 0.35 mg/l. The zinc concentration of breast milk was at the bottom of the standard range of zinc in breast milk.There was no significant relationship between zinc averages in milk with education, age, BMI and mothers' job. But, there was a direct relationship between zinc levels of breast milk with mothers' BMI. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that addition of zinc to the diet of breastfeeding mothers helps to prevent zinc deficiency in mothers' blood serum as well as children's nutrition. 226 231 2015/03/82015/03/7 1393/12/16 2015/03/82015/03/7 1393/12/16 محمد حسین سلمانی ندوشن Mohammad Hossien Salmani Nodoushan زینب رضایی Zinab Rezai rezaeizeynab91@gmail.com ولی‌الله نصیری valiallah Nassiri فرخ لقا ثروت Farokhlegha Servat مهدیه دلیخون Mahdieh Delikhoon Zinc level Breastfeeding Milk Delivery Yazd سطح روی تغذیه شیرمادر زایمان یزد 1- WHO. Infant and young child nutrition. The fifty–fourth World Health Assembly.18 May 2001.Available from: http://www.reich-schottky.de/pdf-kodex/wha-res-54-2de##2- Brocly T. Nutritional biochemistry. 2nd ed. Sa- Diego: Academic Press; 1999: 837.##3- Loennerdal B. Effects of maternal dietary intake on human milk composition. J Nut 1986; 116: 499-513.##4- Freake HC, Govoni KE, Guda K, Huang C, Zinn S. Actions and interactions of thyroid hormone and zinc status in growing rats. J Nut 2001; 131(4):1135-41.##5- Salgueir J, Zabillaga B, Sarabia M. Zinc as an essential micronutrient. Review. Nut Res 2000: 737- 55.##6- Trahms C, Mackean K. Nutrition during infancy. In: Kathleen Mahan L, Escott Stump S, editors. Krause’s food, nutrition, and diet therapy. 11th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2008: 199-221.##7- Salmani MH, Vakili M , Abedi M, et al. Serum level of magnesium , Copper and zinc in Yong Couples . IJFS 2014; 3 (1): 102 -7.##8- Hambidge KM. Biomarkers of trace mineral intake and status. J Nut 2003;133:9485-9490##9- Prasad AS. Discovery of human Zn deficiency and studies in an experimental human model. Am. J. Clinic. Nutr1991; 53:40312-40316##10- Marcready N. Zinc Supplements improve children health. BMJ 1998; 8: 1317.##11- Shirmpton R, Favier A. Hormonal effects 476 of zinc on growth in children. Biologic trace elemental 1992; 32: 383-95.##12- Kan H, Fida M, Mohammadzail U, et al. Estimation of Residual Nickel and some heavy Metals in Vanaspati Ghee. J Chem Soc 2007;54:737-41##13- Mahdavi R, Nikniaz L, Pourghassem Gargari B, et al. Evaluation of zinc, Copper. And iron Concentrations in breast milk of mothers belonging to different economic classes and their Correlations with Infants growth 2011; 19 (3): 281-91.##14- Shah D, Sachdev HP. Effect of gestational zinc deficiency on pregnancy outcomes: summary of observation studies and zinc supplementation trials. Br J Nut 2001; 85 (2): 101-8.##15- Elizabeth KE, Krishnan V, Vijayakumar T. Umbilical cord blood nutrients in low birth weight babies in relation to birth. J Med Res 2008; 128: 128-33.##16- Coudray F, Rambeau M, Claude Tressol J, et al. The effect of aging on intestinal adsorption and status of calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper in rats: a stable isotope study. J trace Elem Med Biol 2006; 20: 73-81.## ##

The Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Zataria Multiflora Boiss and Satureja Khuzestanica and Their Stability خاصیت ضد میکروبی و پایداری روغن ضروری آویشن شیرازی و مرزه خوزستانی 2 1 مقدمه: تعدادی از گیاهان دارای خواص ضد میکروبی وسیعی علیه میکروب ها دارند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی خاصیت ضد میکروبی روغن ضروری گیاهان آویشن شیرازی و مرزه خوزستانی بود. مواد و روش ها: نخست آویشن شیرازی و مرزه خوزستانی جمع آوری و توسط یک گیاه شناس تایید و سپس خشک و خرد شد. در مرحله بعد با روش تقطیر آبی روغن ضروری هر یک استخراج گردید. برای تست پایداری، سطوح مختلف شامل سنگ و استیل و ام دی اف در نظر گرفته شد و با الکل 70 درصد استریل شده و سپس در معرض روغن استخراجی قرار گرفت. خاصیت ضد میکروبی ایندو از روش میکرودایلوشن استفاده گردید. برای تست پایداری، سطوح مختلف شامل سنگ و استیل و ام دی اف در نظر گرفته شد و با الکل 70 درصد استریل شده و سپس در معرض روغن استخراجی قرار گرفت. سپس سطوح خشک و بمدت 12 و 24 و 36 ساعت در دمای محیط قرار گرفتند. در مرحله بعد از سطوح بطور جداگانه نمونه برداری و سپس روی محیط نوترینت تلقیح و نهایتا تعداد کلنی رشد کرده شمارش شد. یافته ها:MIC50 هر دو روغن معادل 3.1% بود؛ اما MIC90 روغن آویشن شیرازی علیه همه سوش ها معادل 12.5% بود بغیر از سوش اشرشیاکلی که معادل 6.2% بود. همینطور MIC90 روغن مرزه خوزستانی علیه همه سوش ها معادل 12.5% بود بغیر از سوش آسپرژیلوس نایجر که معادل 6.2% بود. هر دو روغن ضروری استخراج شده دارای پایداری بالا تا 36 ساعت روی سطح استیل و سنگ داشتند. ولی در مورد ام دی اف هر دو روغن ها تا 24 ساعت بیشتر پایداری نداشتند. رابطه معنی داری هم بین دو روغن مورد مطالعه وجود نداشت. نتیجه گیری: این نکته قایل نتیجه گیری است که هر دو روغن مورد بررسی دارای خاصیت ضد میکروبی تقریبا مشابه داشتند. بخاطر خاصیت ضد میکروبی بالا این دو احتمالا بتوان از آنها برای حذف میکروب ها از منابع مختلف استفاده نمود. 2 Introduction: Some plants show antimicrobial activity against wide range of microorganism. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity and stability of Zataria multiflora Boiss and Satureja khuzestanica essential oil (EO). Materials and methods: First, these plants (Zataria multiflora Boiss and Satureja khuzestanica) were collected, verified by a botanist, dried, and grinded. Then, hydro-distallation method was used, to obtain EO from each one. Their antimicrobial activity of each EO was evaluated by micro dilution broth method. For stability test, the surfaces (stone, MDF, and steel) were cleaned by 70% ethanol, and then separately incubated with each EO. Then, all were dried, and incubated for 12, 24 and 36 hours at room temperature. After incubation, sampling was done, inoculated on nutrient agar. Finally, the number of colonies grown on each plate was counted. Results: The MIC50 of both EO was 3.1%. But, the MIC90 of Zataria multiflora Boiss EO against all strains was 12.5%, except Escherichia coli which was 6.2%. Also, the MIC90 of Satureja khuzestanica EO against all strains was 12.5%, except Aspergillus niger which was 6.2%. Both EOs had high stability until 36 hours on the stone and steel. In case of MDF, EOs were stable until 24 hours. No significant difference was observed between stability of Zataria multiflora Boiss and Satureja khuzestanica EO. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Zataria multiflora Boiss and Satureja khuzestanica EO have approximately same antimicrobial activity and stability. Since both EOs have high antimicrobial property, they can be applied to remove microbes from different sources. 232 241 2015/03/82015/03/72015/03/7 1393/12/16 2015/03/82015/03/72015/03/7 1393/12/16 نسیمه جورابی Nasimeh Jorabi محمدتقی قانعیان Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian علی جبالی Ali Jebali alijebal2011@gmail.com سیدحسین حکمتی مقدم Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam محمدحسن احرامپوش Mohammad Hasan Ehrampoush اصغر مصلح آرانی Asghar Mosleh Arani Essential oil Zataria multiflora Boiss Satureja khuzestanica Antimicrobial activity روغن ضروری آویشن شیرازی مرزه خوزستانی خاصیت ضد میکروبی 1. Goodman ER, Platt R, Bass R, Onderdonk AB, Yokoe DS, Huang SS. Impact of an environmental cleaning intervention on the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci on surfaces in intensive care unit rooms. Infection control and hospital epidemiology: the official journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America. 2008;29(7):593.##2. Monarca S, Feretti D, Collivignarelli C, Guzzella L, Zerbini I, Bertanza G, et al. The influence of different disinfectants on mutagenicity and toxicity of urban wastewater. Water Research. 2000;34(17):4261-9.##3. Sharififar F, Moshafi MH, Mansouri SH, Khodashenas M, Khoshnoodi M. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extract of endemic Zataria multiflora Boiss. Food control. 2007;18(7):800-5.##4. Abdollahi M, Salehnia A, Mortazavi SHR, Ebrahimi M, Shafiee A, Fouladian F, et al. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, reproduction stimulatory properties and safety of essential oil of Satureja Khuzestanica in rat in vivo: a toxicopharmacological study. Medical Science Monitor. 2003;9(9):BR331-BR5.##5. Mandegary A, Sharififar F, Abdar M, Arab-Nozari M. Anticonvulsant Activity and Toxicity of Essential Oil and Methanolic Extract of Zhumeria majdae Rech, a Unique Iranian Plant in Mice. Neurochemical research. 2012;37(12):2725-30.##6. Mohaddese M, Nastaran K. Antimicrobial activity of Zhumeria majdae Rech. F. & Wendelbo essential oil against different microorganisms from Iran. Pharmacognosy Magazine. 2009;5(19):105.##7. Chan LY, Zhang VM, Huang Yh, Waters NC, Bansal PS, Craik DJ, et al. Cyclization of the antimicrobial peptide gomesin with native chemical ligation: influences on stability and bioactivity. ChemBioChem. 2013;14(5):617-24.##8. Ebrahimzadeh H, Yamini Y, Sefidkon F, Chaloosi M, Pourmortazavi SM. Chemical composition of the essential oil and supercritical CO 2 extracts of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Food chemistry. 2003;83(3):357-61.##9. Mahmoudabadi AZ, Dabbagh MA, Fouladi Z. In vitro anti-Candida activity of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2007;4(3):351-3.##10. Fazeli MR, Amin G, Attari MMA, Ashtiani H, Jamalifar H, Samadi N. Antimicrobial activities of Iranian sumac and avishan-e shirazi ( Zataria multiflora) against some food-borne bacteria. Food control. 2007;18(6):646-9.##11. Misaghi A, Basti AA. Effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil and nisin on Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. Food control. 2007;18(9):1043-9.##12. Mansour A, Enayat K, Neda M-S, Behzad A. Antibacterial effect and physicochemical properties of essential oil of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2010;3(6):439-42.##13. Sadeghi-Nejad B, Shiravi F, Ghanbari S, Alinejadi M, Zarrin M. Antifungal activity of Satureja khuzestanica (Jamzad) leaves extracts. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology. 2007;3(1):36-40.##14. Kheirandish F, Delfan B, Farhadi S, Ezatpour B, Khamesipour A, Kazemi B, et al. The effect of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil on the lesions induced by Leishmania major in BALB/c mice. AJPP. 2011;5(5):648-53.#### ##

Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity of Zhumeria Majdae Essential Oil and its Capsulated Form مقایسه خاصیت ضد میکروبی و سمیت روغن ضروری مشتق از گیاه مور خوش و فرم کپسوله شده آن 2 1 مقدمه: مور خوش یک گیاه دارویی هست که فقط در استان هرمزگان یافت می شود. هدف این مطالعه مقایسه خاصیت ضد میکروبی و سمیت روغن ضروری این گیاه و فرم کپسوله شده آن بود. مواد و روش ها: نخست گیاه مور خوش جمع آوری، خشک و خرد گردید. سپس روغن این گیاه از طریق روش تقطیر آبی استخراج گردید. فرم کپسوله شده روغن نیز با استفاده از لیسیتین ایجاد گردید. در مرحله بعد خاصیت ضد میکروبی روغن و فرم کپسوله آن با روش میکرودایلوشن ارزیابی و کمترین غلظت مهاری (MIC) برای هر یک مشخص گردید. همچنین سمیت این دو فرم بر روی سلول های پوست موش مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: بر اساس تصاویر حاصل از میکروسکوپ نیروی اتمی گستره سایزی فرم کپسوله بین 100 تا 500 نانومتر بود. تست ضد میکروب نشان داد هر دو فرم (فرم روغنی و فرم کپسوله) دارای MIC50 برابر بودند. همچنین MIC90 روغن معادل 5% و برای فرم کپسوله معادل 1.25% در مورد کاندیدا آلبیکنس گزارش گردید. این یافته بدین معنی است که فرم کپسوله در مقایسه با فرم غیر کپسوله دارای اثر بالاتر علیه کاندیدا آلبیکنس دارد. تست سمیت نشان داد فرم کپسوله روغن ضروری دارای سمیت کمتری نسبت به خود روغن ضروری دارد. 2 Introduction: Zhumeria majdae is an herbal plant which is only found in Hormozgan province. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial property and toxicity of essential oil (EO) and encapsulated form of the essential oil (EFEO) of Zhumeria majdae. Materials and methods: First, the plant was dried, grinded, and its EO extracted by hydrodistallation. Then, the EO was encapsulated by lichitin. Antimicrobial activity of EO and EFEO was evaluated by micro dilution broth method, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. For toxicity test, serial concentrations of EO and EFEO were incubated with mouse skin cells, and then cell viability was calculated by MTT assay. Results: Based on atomic force microscopy results, the size distribution of EFEO was between 100-500 nm. Antimicrobial test showed that the MIC50 of both EO and EFEO was similar (0.6%). But, in case of Candida albicans, the MIC90 of EO and EFEO was 5% and 1.25%, respectively. It means that EFEO has greater effect on Candida albicans than EO. The results of MTT assay showed that the toxicity of EFEO was less than EO. Conclusion: It was found that in some cases, encapsulation could lead to better antimicrobial property and less toxicity. Because of high antimicrobial activity, both EO and EFEO of Zhumeria majdae may be used as powerfully antimicrobial agents. 242 252 2015/03/82015/03/72015/03/72015/03/7 1393/12/16 2015/03/82015/03/72015/03/72015/03/7 1393/12/16 رحیل امامی Rahil Emami محمدتقی قانعیان Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian علی جبالی Ali Jebali alijebal2011@gmail.com سیدحسین حکمتی مقدم Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam محمد حسن احرامپوش Mohammad Hasan Ehrampoush اصغر مصلح آرانی Asghar Mosleh Arani Antimicrobial activity Toxicity Essential oil Zhumeria majdae Encapsulation 1. McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clinical microbiology reviews. 1999;12(1):147-79.##2. Omidbakhsh N, Sattar SA. Broad-spectrum microbicidal activity, toxicologic assessment, and materials compatibility of a new generation of accelerated hydrogen peroxide-based environmental surface disinfectant. American journal of infection control. 2006;34(5):251-7.##3. Edmiston CE, Krepel C, Spencer MP, Rossi P, Lee C, Brown K, et al. Assessment of Innovative Antimicrobial Surface Disinfectant within the Operating Room Environment Using ATP-bioluminescence Assay. American Journal of Infection Control. 2014;42(6):S38-S.##4. Solórzano-Santos F, Miranda-Novales MG. Essential oils from aromatic herbs as antimicrobial agents. Current opinion in biotechnology. 2012;23(2):136-41.##5. Soković M, Glamočlija J, Marin PD, Brkić D, van Griensven LJLD. Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model. Molecules. 2010;15(11):7532-46.##6. Mandegary A, Sharififar F, Abdar M, Arab-Nozari M. Anticonvulsant Activity and Toxicity of Essential Oil and Methanolic Extract of Zhumeria majdae Rech, a Unique Iranian Plant in Mice. Neurochemical research. 2012;37(12):2725-30.##7. Van Vuuren SF, du Toit LC, Parry A, Pillay V, Choonara YE. Encapsulation of essential oils within a polymeric liposomal formulation for enhancement of antimicrobial efficacy. Natural product communications. 2010;5(9):1401-8.##8. Guarda A, Rubilar JF, Miltz J, Galotto MJ. The antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated thymol and carvacrol. International journal of food microbiology. 2011;146(2):144-50.##9. Liolios CC, Gortzi O, Lalas S, Tsaknis J, Chinou I. Liposomal incorporation of carvacrol and thymol isolated from the essential oil of Origanum dictamnus L. and in vitro antimicrobial activity. Food chemistry. 2009;112(1):77-83.##10. Mohaddese M, Nastaran K. Antimicrobial activity of Zhumeria majdae Rech. F. & Wendelbo essential oil against different microorganisms from Iran. Pharmacognosy Magazine. 2009;5(19):105.##11. Jebali A, Kazemi B. Triglyceride-coated nanoparticles: skin toxicity and effect of UV/IR irradiation on them. Toxicology in Vitro. 2013;27(6):1847-54.##12. Soltanipour MA, Rezaei MB, Moradshahi A. Study on antimicrobial effects of essential oil of Zhumeria majdae Rech. f. & Wendelbo. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS. 2004.##13. Mahboubi M, Kazempour N. In vitro antimicrobial activity of some essential oils from Labiatae family. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2009;12(4):494-508.##14. Mahboubi M, Bokaee S, Dehdashti H, Feizabadi MM. Antimicrobial activity of Mentha piperitae, Zhumeria majdae, Ziziphora tenuior oils on ESBLs producing isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biharean Biologist. 2012;6(1).##15. Leimann FV, Gonçalves OH, Machado RAF, Bolzan A. Antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated lemongrass essential oil and the effect of experimental parameters on microcapsules size and morphology. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2009;29(2):430-6.#### ##

Determination of Radon Level in Drinking Water in Mehriz Villages and Evaluation the Annual Effective Absorbed Dose تعیین میزان رادون موجود در آب شرب روستاه‌های شهرستان مهریز وتعیین دوز موثر جذبی سالانه 2 1 مقدمه: رادون یکی از مهمترین عناصر رادیواکتیو بوده و ممکن است بصورت طبیعی در خاک و آب و هوا یافت شود . وجود گسل و همچنین سنگ های گرانیتی در نزدیکی منابع آب باعث بالا بودن میزان رادون آب آن منابع خواهد شد.به همین دلیل میزان غلظت رادون آب شرب منابع مختلف شهرستان مهریز به لحاظ وجود گسل انار-مهریز وسنگهای گرانیتی منطقه شیرکوه اندازه گیری شد. روش بررسی: تحقیق مقطعی است که در پاییز سال2013 بر روی منابع شرب وبرخی از شبکه آب شرب روستاهای شهرستان مهریز در استان یزد انجام شد. پس از نمونه برداری وارسال نمونه ها به آزمایشگاه، میزان غلظت رادون آنها بوسیله دستگاهRAD7اندازه گیری شد.بر اساس میزان رادون اندازه گیری شده،دوز موثر جذبی سالانه نیز محاسبه گردید. یافته ها:غلظت رادون نمونه ها از مقدار187/0 BqL-1 تا8/14 BqL-1متغییر بود. این اعداد به ترتیب مربوط به نمونه های شماره 12 و9 به ترتیب مربوط به قنوات روستا های تنگ چنار و ملک آباد می باشد. بر اساس میزان رادون موجود در نمونه ،کمترین دوز موثر جذبی سالانه از طریق آشامیدن یا تنفس در محیطی که آب مصرف میشود ، 0005/0msv/y وبیشترین مقدار آن04/0 msv/y بدست آمد. نتیجه گیری: بجز نمونه های شماره9و16 که به ترتیب مربوط به قنات روستاهای ملک آباد و چاه شخصی در روستای دره میانکوه با مجموع جمعیت48 نفرمی باشد،غلظت گاز رادون در بقیه نمونه ها که بعنوان آب شرب توسط مردم روستاهای واقع در شهرستان مهریز استفاده می شود پایین و کمتر از حد مجاز تعیین شده آژانس حفاظت از محیط زیست ایالات متحده آمریکا می باشد 2 Introduction: Radon is one of the most radioactive elements that may be found in soil, air and water naturally. Presence of fault and also granitic rocks near the water sources can cause high radon levels in these water resources. Radon concentration of various drinking water sources And network In Mehriz Villages was measured from Anar- Mehriz fault and granite stone of Shirkooh area. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional research that was conducted in fall of 2013 on the sources of drinking water and also drinking water network of Mehriz villages of Yazd province. After sampling and sending samples to the laboratory, radon concentration was measured by RAD7 device. According to the measured radon levels, the annual absorbed dose was also calculated. Results: Radon concentrations of samples ranged from 0.187 BqL-1 to 14.8 BqL-1.These results were related to samples No.12 and 9 and also to aqueducts of Tang-e-chenar and Malekabad village respectively. Based on the amount of radon in the sample, the lowest annual effective absorbed dose through drinking water or breathing(In an environment where water was used) was 0.0005msv/y and the maximum amount was 0.04msv/y. Conclusion: Apart from samples No.9 and 16 that were elated to the aqueduct of Malekabad village and a private well in Dare Miankoohvillagehaving48 persons as total population, Radon concentrations of other samples used by people of Mehriz villages as drinking water was low and less than permitted limit set by the Environmental Protection Agency of United States of America. 253 260 2015/03/82015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/7 1393/12/16 2015/03/82015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/7 1393/12/16 محمد ملکوتیان Mohammad Malakootian حسن سلمانی مروست Hasan Salmani Marvast h_salmanimarvast@yahoo.com Radon Drinking water Effective dose Mehriz رادون آب شرب دوز موثر مهریز 1. AzadikhahA, Pourkermani M, DadfarB. Seismotectonics iron ore mining region Gol Gohar Sirjaan.Iranian journal Applied Geology. 2010;3(5):193-205.##2. Rezaei M, Moayed M, Geology For Geography. Tabriz University Publish. 2008;108,144.##3. PlaninićJ, FajZ. The equilibrium factor F between radon and its daughters. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research.1989; 278(2): 550-552.##4. Erees F,Aytas S,Sac M,Yener G,. Radon concentrations in thermal waters related to seismic events along faults in the Denizli Basin, Western Turkey. Radiation measurements. 2007. 42(1): 80-86.##5. Kitto M.E,Parekh P,Torres M,Schneider D. Radionuclide and chemical concentrations in mineral waters at Saratoga Springs, New York. Journal of environmental radioactivity. 2005;80(3): 327-339.##6. BineshA, Mohammadi S, Movali A. Seasonal variatior of radon gaz concentration in the ware of shandiz.Ijrras.2011;6(1)109-112.##7. Naomi H, Evalution of Occupational Exposures to Radon and Radon Daughters in the United States. 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Iranian Journal of Phsics Research.2012;11(4):197-202.##14. AdrewD, Lenore S,Eeugene W,Arnold E. In Standard Methodes For Examination Of Water And Waste Water. 21nd ed. Washington ,American Public Health AssociatonAmerican Water Work Associaton Press. 2005: 2001-3710.##15.www//http://itouchmap.com/latlong.html##16. SalvatoJ, Nemerow N, Agardy F. USA Environmental Engineering.15nd ed. John Wiley and Sons IncPress.2003; 979-1045.##17. Binesh A, MohammadiS, MowaliA, ParvareshP. Evaluation of the radiation dose from radon ingestion and inhalation in drinking water. Int. J. Water Resour. Environ. Eng, 2010;2(7): 174-178.##18. ZareiM. Surrvey of natural radioactive material in shirkoo area1nd ed[Md thesis]Yazd university.2009;78-93[In Persian]##19. Alirezazade N. Rodon concentrationsin public water supplies in Tehran and evalution of radiation does.Iran J Radiat Res 2005;3(2):79-83##20. Malakootian M. Khashi Z. Iranmanesh F. Rahimi M. Radon concentration in drinking water invillages nearby Rafsanjan fault and evaluation the annual effective dose. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2014;301(2): 1-9.##21. BemH,Plota U •Staniszewska M. Radon (222Rn) in underground drinking water supplies of the Southern Greater Poland Region. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2014;10(8) :1-6.#### ##

Mixed ZnO-TiO2 Suspended Solution as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Decolonization of a Textile Dye from Waste Water محلول سوسپانسیون مخلوط ZnO-TiO2 به عنوان یک فتوکاتالیزور موثر برای بی‌رنگ کردن رنگینه‌های نساجی از فاضلاب 2 1 مقدمه: صنعت نساجی مقدار بسیار زیادی از رنگینه‌ها را وارد فاضلاب می‌کند که سمی بوده و حذف آنها از فاضلاب از مسایل مهم محیط زیستی است. اکسیداسیون پیشرفته یکی از روشهای مهم برای تخریب کامل خیلی از آلاینده های آلی است. ZnO و TiO2 مهم‌ترین فتوکاتالیزورها هستند که فعالیت فتوکاتالیستی بالایی دارند و مورد توجه هستند. مواد و روش‌ها: مخلوط ZnO-TiO2 با مخلوط نمودن ZnO و TiO2 با نسبتهای وزنی 20، 40، 60، و 80 شد. mL20 از محلول رنگی 80 mgL-1 رنگینه مستقیم آبی (DB71) شامل مقدار مناسب از فتوکاتالیزور با همزن مغناطیسی تحت تابش نور UV شد. مطالعه فتوکاتالیزوری با بررسی اثر نور UV، درصد ورنی ZnO-TiO2،pH (2.3 – 9.2) ، دوز کاتالیزور (0.2 – 1.6 g/L) روی میزان حذف رنگینه انجام شد. غلظت رنگینه با روش اسپکتروفتومتری با اندازه گیری جذب رنگینه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج: در مقایسه با TiO2 یا ZnO تنها، مخلوط فتوکاتالیزورها ZnO/TiO2 برای حذف رنگینه موثرتر است. نتایج نشان میدهد که بالای 90% از رنگینه مستقیم آبی بعد از 70 دقیقه در شرایط بهینه (pH = 6.4, ZnO/TiO2 (50% w/w), 1.25 g/L) حذف می‌شود. آزمایشها نشان می‌دهد که حذف قابل توجه ای از رنگینه بدون حضور هیچ اکسنده خارجی با حضور فتوکاتالیزور ZnO/TiO2 انجام میشود. 2 Introduction: Textile industries produce large volume of colored dye effluents which are toxic and removal of dyes from wastewater is a significant environmental issue. Advanced oxidation process (AOPs) is alternative method for the complete degradation many organic pollutants. ZnO and TiO2 are important photocatalysts with high catalytic activity that have attracted much research attention. Material and Methods: Mixed ZnO/TiO2 was prepared with mixing of ZnO and TiO2 (20, 40, 60, 80 % (w/w)). 20 mL of dye solution (80 mgL-1 for DB71) containing the appropriate quantity of photocatalyst was magnetically stirred under UV irradiation. Photocatalytic study was carried out to evaluate the effect of UV (400 W), ZnO/TiO2 weight percent (20, 40, 60, 80 % (w/w)), pH (2.3 – 9.2), irradiation time of (10 – 70 min), initial dye concentration of (10, 40, 80 mg/L) and ZnO/TiO2 dosage of (0.2 – 1.6 g/L) on removal of dye. Dye concentration was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the dye absorbance at 285 nm. Results: In comparison with TiO2 or ZnO as photocatalyst, mixed photocatalyst (ZnO/TiO2) is more efficient catalyst for degradation of dye under UV irradiation Results show that approximately 90 % of Direct Blue 71 has been eliminated after 70 minutes and optimized condition ((pH = 6.4, ZnO/TiO2 (50% w/w, 1.25 g/L). Experiments showed, the noticeable decolorization of dye solution can be done without any oxidation agent with mixed ZnO/TiO2 photocatalyst. 261 269 2015/03/82015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/7 1393/12/16 2015/03/82015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/7 1393/12/16 Mohammad Ali Mooji Mohammad Ali Mooji محمدعلی موجی Masoumeh Tabatabaee tabatabaee@iauyazd.ac.ir معصومه طباطبایی Photocatalyst Textile Dyes Direct Blue 71 Degradation UV irradiation . Ncibi, M. C.; Mahjoub, B.; Seffen, M. Adsorptive removal of textile reactive dye using Posidonia oceanica (L.) fibrous biomassInt. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 2007,4, 433-440. ##2. Forgacs, E.; Cserhatia, T.; Oros, G., (2004). Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters: a review. Environ. Int., 30, 953-971. 3. Gharbani, O.; Tabatabaii, S. M.; Mehrizad, A. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 2088,5, 495-500.##4. Beydilli, M. I.; Pavolsathis, S. G.; Tincher, W. C., (1998).Decolorization and toxicity screening of selected reactiveazo dyes under methanogenic condition. Water Sci. Tech.,38 (4-5), 225-232 Water Sci. Tech., 1998, 38, 225-232.##5. Ghasemi, F.; Tabandeh, F.; Bambai, B.; SambasivaRao,K. R. S. Decolorization of different azo dyes by Phanerochaete chrysosporiumRP78 under optimal conditionInt. J. Environ. Sci. Tech.,2010, 7, 457-464.##6. Igbinosa, E. O.; Okoh, A. I., (2009). Impact of dischargewastewater effluents on the physico-chemical qualities ofa receiving watershed in a typical rural community. Int. J.Environ. Sci. Tech., 6 (2), 175-182##7. Kansal, S.K., Singh, M. and SudD.(2007). Studies on photodegradation of two commercial dyes in aqueous phase using different photocatalysts. J. Hazard. mater.141, 581-590.##8. Giri, R. R., Ozaki, H., Taniguchi S. andTakanami, R.(2008) Photocatalytic ozonation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in water with a new TiO2 fiber Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 5, 17-26. ##9. Hoffman M., Martin S., Choi W. and Bahnemann D. (1995) Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis, Cem. Rev, 95, 69- 96.##10. Poulios I. and Tsachpinis, I. (1999) Photocatalytic degradation of the textile dye reactive black 5 in the presence of semiconducting oxides, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 74, 349- 357.##11. Bumpus, J.A.; Triker, J.; Andrzeiewski, K.; Rhoads, H.; Tatarko, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1680-1683.##12. Evgenidou,E.; Konstantinou,I.; Fytianos,K.; Poulios,I.; Albanis,T.Catalysis Today,2007, 124, 156-162.##13. Behnajady M.A., Modirshahla N. and Hamzavi, R. (2006) Kinetic study on photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Acid Yellow 23 by ZnO photocatalyst J.Hazard. mater. B133, 226-232.##14. Tabatabaee M., Ghotbifard A., Mozafari AA., (2012) Photocatalytic Degradation and Kinetic study of Textile Azo Dyes Direct Blue 71 and Black 19 in ZnO suspended solution Fresenius Environ. 21, 1468-1473. ##15. Chatterjee D., Dasgupta S. and Rao NN. (2006). Visible light assisted photodegradation of halocarbons on the dye modified TiO2 surface using visible light. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol.Cells 90, 1013-1020.##16. Jing LQ, Qun YC, Wang BQ, Li SD, Jiang BJ, Yang LB, et al. (2006) Review of photoluminescence performance of nano-sized semiconductor materials and its relationships with photocatalytic activity. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 90, 1773-1787##17. Jiang Y., Sun Y., Liu H. Zhu F. and Yin H. (2008) Solar photocatalytic decolorization of C.I. Basic Blue 41 in an aqueous suspension of TiO2–ZnO. Dyes Pigm. 78, 77–83. ##18. Liao DL., Badour CA. and Liao BQ. (2008) Preparation of nanosized TiO2/ZnO composite catalyst and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 194, 11–19.##19. Marcì G., Augugliaro V., López-Muñoz M.J., Martín C, Palmisano L., Rives V., Schiavello M., Tilley R. J. D. and Venezia A.M. (2001).Preparation Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Polycrystalline ZnO/TiO2 Systems. 2. Surface, Bulk Characterization, and 4-Nitrophenol Photodegradation in Liquid−Solid Regime. J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 1033–1040.##20. Tabatabaee, M.; Mirrahimi, S. A. orien.Photodegradation of Dye Pollutant onAg/ZnO Nanocatalyst under UV-irradiationOrent. J. Chem. 2012, 28, 243-246.##21. Tabatabaee, M.; Roozbeh, M.; Roozbeh, M.Catalytic effect of lucunary heteropolyanion containingmolybdenum and tungsten atoms on decolorization of direct blue 71 Chin. Chem. Lett. 2011, 22, 1501-1504.## ##

Social Support and its Relation with Daily Activities among Elderly People of Yazd بررسی وضعیت حمایت اجتماعی درک شده و ارتباط آن با فعالیت های زندگی روزانه سالمندان شهر یزد 2 1 مقدمه: دوران سالمندی ویژگی های خاصی دارد که مشکلات فراوانی را در کلیه ابعاد زندگی فردی و اجتماعی ایجاد می کند و باعث افزایش نیازهای حمایتی افراد سالمند می گردد. در قرن حاضر افزایش سریع تعداد سالمندان، وجود ناتوانی، کاهش استقلال و افزایش وابستگی در بسیاری از آنان، ضرورت توجه به مسأله حمایت اجتماعی را در این قشر افزایش داده است بنابراینبا توجه به تاثیر حمایت اجتماعی بر ابعاد مختلف سلامت سالمندان این مطالعه با هدف تعیین وضعیت حمایت اجتماعی درک شده و ارتباط آن با فعالیت های زندگی روزانه در سالمندان شهر یزد انجام شد. روش کار: این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی بر روی 265 سالمند 60 ساله و بالاتر، ساکن شهر یزد به روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای تصادفی انجام شد. داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه ای مشتمل بر سوالات دموگرافیک و پرسشنامه حمایت اجتماعی فیلیپس و پرسشنامه فعالیت های زندگی روزانه جمع آوری گردید. داده های جمع آوری شده با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS16 و جداول توصیفی، آزمون های آماری کروسکال والیس ، من ویتنی وهمبستگی اسپیرمن مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج: میانگین نمره حمایت اجتماعی در سالمندان 43/3 ± 84/19 از 23 نمره بود .حمایت اجتماعی بر حسب سن، نوع مسکن و فعالیت های زندگی روزانه ارتباط معنی داری داشت. ولی بر حسب جنس، سطح تحصیلات این ارتباط معنی دار نبود. نتایج آزمون ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن بین حمایت اجتماعی درک شده و سن همبستگی معکوس و معنی داری را نشان داد همچنین همبستگی مستقیم ومعنی داری بین حمایت اجتماعی وانجام فعالیتهای روزانه مشاهده شد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، افزایش حمایت اجتماعی در انجام فعالیت های روزانه زندگی و ارتقا سلامت سالمندان می تواند موثر باشد بنابراین با توجه به نیازهای حمایتی سالمندان باید در جهت ارتقا حمایت اجتماعی و گسترش شبکه های حمایتی برای آنان اقدام نمود. 2 Introduction: Aging priod is Special features and many problems in all dimensions of human life and cause increased supportive needs. During recent years the rapid increase in the senior population, their disabilities, reduced independence, and increased dependence have drawn more attention toward issues related to social support in this group. Social support impacts different dimensions of health of the elderly population. Therefore, The aim of this study was to determine the social support and activities of daily living of elderly is Yazd. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study was conducted on 265 elderly people in the city of Yazd. A cluster sampling was random. The data are composed of items demographic and “Activities of daily living" questionnaire "social support Phillips”. then using the software SPSS 16 analysis were with statistical tests of Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Spearman correlation and crosstabs . Results: The results showed that the average total social support in the elderly (19/84±3/43) of the range acquisition score was (0-23). The results also indicate that between social support and age, type of housing, and activities of daily living, there was a statistically significant , negative direct solidarity between social support and age were observed , there was a statistically significant, positive direct solidarity between social support and activities of daily living were observed. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results of this study, increased social support in performing activities of daily living and health promotion can be effective in elderly .Therefore enhance social support and protection needs of the elderly should expand their networks of support for elderly. 270 277 2015/03/82015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/7 1393/12/16 2015/03/82015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/7 1393/12/16 طاهره سلطانی Tahere Soltani سید سعید مظلومی Seid Saied Mazloomy mahmmodabad محمدعلی مروتی Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad حسین فلاح زاده Hossein Fallahzadeh عبدالخالق جعفری Abdolkhalegh Jafari Social support Activities of daily living Elderly Yazd حمایت اجتماعی فعالیتهای زندگی روزانه سالمندان یزد 1. Lunenfeld B. An Aging World – demographics and challenges. Gynecological Endocrinology, January 2008; 24(1): 1-3##2. Baraz S, Rostami M, Farzianpor F, et al. Effect of Orem Self Care Model on ederies' quality of life in health care centers of Masjed Solaiman in 2007-2008. Arak University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2009;12(2):51-9 (persian).##3. Cook RC, World Population Prospects. Ohio: S.L.J. 1966;(27): 634##4. Habibi A, Nikpour S, Seyedoshohadaei M, et al. Health promoting behaviors and its related factors in elderly. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2006;19(47):35-48(persian).##5. Saberian M, Hajiaghajani S, Ghorbani R. Survey of health, social and economic conditions of the elderly and their leisure time. Koomesh. 2003;4(3-4):129-36 (persian).##6. Salarvand S, Abedi H. The elders' experiences of social support in nursing home: a qualitative study. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2008;20(52):39-50 (persian).##7. Alizadeh Z, Ashktorab T, Nikravan Mofrad M, et al. Correlation between perceived social support and self-care behaviors among patients with heart failure. Journal Of Health Promotion Managemen. 2014;3(1):27-34 (persian).##8. Zarifnejad G, Saberi Noghabi E, Delshad Noghabi A, et al. The Relationship between social support and morale of elderly people in Mashhad in 2012. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2014; 13(1): 3-12 (persian). ##9. Khalili F, Sam S, Shariferad G, et al. The relationship between perceived social support and social health of elderly. Health System Research. 2012;7(6):1216-25 (persian).##10. Avund K, Damasgaard M, Holstien B. Social relation and mortality :An eleven year follow up study of 70 year old man and women in Denmark. Social Science and Medicine. 1998;47:635-43. ##11. Moeini b, barati m, jalilian f. Factors associated with the functional independence level in older adults. Medical Journal of Hormozgan University. 2012;15(4):318-29 (persian).##12. Yaghmaie F. Introducing a new scale for activities of daily Living. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University. 2005;15:3-12 (persian).##13. Pasha G SS, Mashak R. 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Survival Rate of Patients with Stomach Cancer and its Effective Factors in Yazd Province بررسی میزان بقای بیماران مبتلا به سرطان معده و عوامل موثر بر آن در استان یزد 2 1 مقدمه: سرطان ها یکی از عوامل کشنده در جهان پس از بیماریهای قلبی- عروقی می باشند. از این میان سرطان معده یکی از مهمترین سرطانها در سراسر جهان می باشد بطوریکه چهارمین سرطان شایع و دومین علت شایع مرگ بر اثر سرطان را در کل جهان تشکیل می دهد. بروز و بقای سرطان معده در سرتاسر جهان تغییرات عمده ای دارد و این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان بقاء و عوامل موثر بر سرطان معده در استان یزد انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه از دسته مطالعات مشاهده ای و نوع تحلیلی آن بوده است که به روش طولی و مطالعه بقاء (Survival study ) انجام شده است. جامعه ی مورد بررسی شامل کلیه بیماران مبتلا به سرطان معده که در استان یزد ساکن هستند و در طی سالهای 84 تا 88 تشخیص قطعی سرطان معده داده شده اند. انتخاب نمونه به روش سرشماری بوده و کلیه ی بیمارانی که در طی سالهای 84 تا 88 تشخیص قطعی سرطان معده داده شده اند وارد مطالعه شده اند که این تعداد در حدود 136 مورد برآورد شد. پس از جمع آوری داده ها و کد گذاری آنها، در نرم افزار SPSS16, STSTA12 وارد شد و از روش آماری حد حاصل ضرب کاپلان مایر (KAPLAN MEIER) استفاده و مدل مخاطرا متناسب کاکس به داده ها برازش داده شد؛ و همچنین برای مقایسه ی توابع بقاء درزیر گروههای مختلف از آزمونهای رتبه لگاریتمی (LOG-RANK TEST) یا آزمون تعمیم یافته ویلکاکسون (گهان، برسلو) استفاده شد. یافته ها: 66.9% بیماران را مردان و 33.1% دیگر را زنان تشکیل داده اند. میانگین سنی مردان و زنان به ترتیب 52/1 ± 62.86 و 31/1 ± 61.24 سال بدست آمد. میانگین (5%Trimmed Mean) و میانه بقا در هر دو جنس به ترتیب 26.16 و 19 ماه بدست آمد. احتمال بقای 1، 3 و 5 ساله بیماران به ترتیب 61.3، 31.2، 24.5 درصد برآورد شد. مدل متناسب مخاطرات کاکس نشان داد که شغل بیماران 03/0 P= با طول عمر بیماران ارتباط معناداری داشته است. نتیجه گیری: با اینکه میزان بقای بیماران مبتلا به سرطان معده در استان یزد در حد مطلوب است اما با این حال با انجام اقدامات مداخله ای می توان این میزان را افزایش داد. 2 Introduction: Cancers are the second cause of death in the world after cardiovascular diseases. Cancer of the stomach is one of the most important forms of cancer worldwide. It is the fourth most common form of cancer and the second most common cause of death in the world. There is a wide variation in the survival of gastric cancer among and even within countries. In this study we seek to investigate survival rate and the factors influencing the survival of gastric cancer in Yazd province. Methods: This is an observational (the analytical type) study which has been conducted using the methods of longitudinal and survival study. The study population includes all patients diagnosed with gastric cancer in Yazd province between the years 2006 to 2010. The samples were selected by the census method and all the patients diagnosed with gastric cancer between the years 1384 to 1388 (estimated to be about 136 cases) have been studied. After collecting the data and coding them, they were inserted to the software SPSS 16, STATA 12. To investigate the survival and the factors influencing the survival time of patients which are the main objective of this study, Kaplan-Meier method was used and Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to the data. To compare survival function in different subgroups, the log rank test or generalized Wilcoxon test was used. Results From a total of 136 patients with gastric cancer, 91 cases were male (66.9%) and 45 females (33.1%), respectively. The mean age of patients was 62.33 ±1.45 years at the time of diagnosis. The Average (5% Trimmed Mean) and the median survival of patients with gastric cancer in both sexes were 26.16 and 19 months, respectively. The probability of survival at 1, 3 and 5 years after diagnosis of stomach cancer in both sexes using the Kaplan-Meier was 61.3, 31.2, %24.5, respectively. In multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model, the variable of Job (P-value=0.03) was identified as the factor influencing the survival of patients with gastric cancer. Conclusion: Although the survival rate of patients with gastric cancer in Yazd province is desirable level, intervention measures can increase this amount. 278 287 2015/03/82015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/7 1393/12/16 2015/03/82015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/72015/03/7 1393/12/16 نجیب الله بااراده Najib Allah Baeradeh محمد حسن لطفی Mohammad Hassan Lotfi mhlotfi56359@gmail.com حسین فلاح زاده Hossein Fallahzadeh سعید کارگر Saeed Kargar حسن سلمان روغنی Hassan Salman Roghani Stomach Cancer Survival Rate COX Model Yazd Province سرطان معده میزان بقاء مدل کاکس استان یزد ##1. Agahjani H, Etemad K, Gooya MM. National report on registered cancer cases in 2008. 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