Volume 8, Issue 3 (Jul- Sep 2019)
JCHR 2019, 8(3): 186-193 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Seddighi H, Mousavi M. Status of Health, Education and Income Inequality in Iran. JCHR 2019; 8 (3) :186-193
URL: http://jhr.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-566-en.html
URL: http://jhr.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-566-en.html
1- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Hseddighi@gmail.com
2- Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (4164 Views)
Abstract
In the age of globalization, development and progress are a multidimensional and complex problem that is not measured by economic measures alone, and various issues related to people's welfare, governance, attention to the planet and the environment, the participation of various groups also considered. In this study, we tried to investigate this issue in several aspects of Iran's global situation.
This study was descriptive and data collection was done by documentary study method. In this study, we have tried to study various global databases, studies and global reports, the status of Iran in the fields of environment, children education, health, economic inequality and gender divide.
Studies have shown that inequality in income and wealth, although the situation in Iran is better than the Persian Gulf countries but more inequality than other parts of the world, including the United States and Western Europe.
In terms of health, among the fifty major causes of death, Iran is ranked first and fourth in global terms due to road accidents and illicit drug use. At the same time, mortality from liver cancer, skin cancer, epilepsy, cervical cancer, kidney cancer and cancer are in a good condition compared to other countries in the world.
In the field of education, the state of Iran in primary education, the exclusion of children from primary education, the guarantee of equal access for women and men to higher education and the eradication of gender inequality in participating in education is a good situation than in other parts of the world, but in The number of preschool years and pre-school education has been weaker than many other countries.
In the field of environmental protection in Iran, it has a bad record. Based on various indicators such as air quality, water, health, heavy metals, biodiversity, forest protection, fisheries, climate and energy, air pollutants, water resources, Iran has poor ranking in the world.
In the context of the gender gap, Iran has ranked poorly in 140 out of 144 countries with indicators of opportunity and economic participation, education, health and life and political rehabilitation
In the age of globalization, development and progress are a multidimensional and complex problem that is not measured by economic measures alone, and various issues related to people's welfare, governance, attention to the planet and the environment, the participation of various groups also considered. In this study, we tried to investigate this issue in several aspects of Iran's global situation.
This study was descriptive and data collection was done by documentary study method. In this study, we have tried to study various global databases, studies and global reports, the status of Iran in the fields of environment, children education, health, economic inequality and gender divide.
Studies have shown that inequality in income and wealth, although the situation in Iran is better than the Persian Gulf countries but more inequality than other parts of the world, including the United States and Western Europe.
In terms of health, among the fifty major causes of death, Iran is ranked first and fourth in global terms due to road accidents and illicit drug use. At the same time, mortality from liver cancer, skin cancer, epilepsy, cervical cancer, kidney cancer and cancer are in a good condition compared to other countries in the world.
In the field of education, the state of Iran in primary education, the exclusion of children from primary education, the guarantee of equal access for women and men to higher education and the eradication of gender inequality in participating in education is a good situation than in other parts of the world, but in The number of preschool years and pre-school education has been weaker than many other countries.
In the field of environmental protection in Iran, it has a bad record. Based on various indicators such as air quality, water, health, heavy metals, biodiversity, forest protection, fisheries, climate and energy, air pollutants, water resources, Iran has poor ranking in the world.
In the context of the gender gap, Iran has ranked poorly in 140 out of 144 countries with indicators of opportunity and economic participation, education, health and life and political rehabilitation
Keywords: Inequality, Health, Education, Sustainable development goals, Social determinants of health
References
1. Fukuda-Parr S. From the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals: shifts in purpose, concept, and politics of global goal setting for development. Gender & Development. 2016;24(1):43-52. [DOI:10.1080/13552074.2016.1145895]
2. Gupta J, Vegelin C. Sustainable development goals and inclusive development. International environmental agreements: Politics, law and economics. 2016;16(3):433-48. [DOI:10.1007/s10784-016-9323-z]
3. Hák T, Janoušková S, Moldan B. Sustainable Development Goals: A need for relevant indicators. Ecological Indicators. 2016;60:565-73. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.08.003]
4. World health Organization. World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs sustainable development goals: World Health Organization; 2016.
5. Seddighi H, Salmani I. Gender Differences in Children Mental Health Disorders after Earthquakes in Iran: A Systematic Review. JCHR. 2019; 8 (1) :54-64 [DOI:10.18502/jchr.v8i1.562]
6. Kumar S, Kumar N, Vivekadhish S. Millennium development goals (MDGS) to sustainable development goals (SDGS): Addressing unfinished agenda and strengthening sustainable development and partnership. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine. 2016;41(1):1. [DOI:10.4103/0970-0218.170955]
7. Bebbington J, Unerman J. Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: an enabling role for accounting research. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. 2018;31(1):2-24. [DOI:10.1108/AAAJ-05-2017-2929]
8. Singh GG, Cisneros-Montemayor AM, Swartz W, et al. A rapid assessment of co-benefits and trade-offs among Sustainable Development Goals. Marine Policy. 2018;93(2):23-31. [DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.030]
9. Hsu A, Zomer A. Environmental performance index. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. 2016. [DOI:10.1002/9781118445112.stat03789.pub2]
10. Alvaredo F, Chancel L, Piketty T, et al. World inequality report 2018: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2018. [DOI:10.4159/9780674984769]
11. Seddighi H, Salmani I. Online Volunteering, A Way to Reduce Health Inequalities: A Review Study. Health Research. 2018;7(4):256-64. [DOI:10.18502/jchr.v7i4.273]
12. Duru-Bellat M. Less Inequality for a Liveable World. Revue française des affaires sociales. 2015(1):33-49. [DOI:10.3917/rfas.151.0033]
13. Garbinti B, Goupille-Lebret J, Piketty T. Appendix to" Income Inequality in France, 1900-2014: Evidence from Distributional National Accounts". 2017. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3106586]
14. World health Organization. Global Health Observatory database. In: World health Organization, editor. 2016
15. World health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases: progress monitor 2017. 2017.
16. World health Organization. World health statistics 2015: World Health Organization; 2015.
17. Statistics UIf. Education Indicators. 2016
18. World Bank. 2018. Atlas of Sustainable Development Goals 2018 : From World Development Indicators. World Bank Atlas;. Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/ 10986/ 29788 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
19. Solar O, Irwin A. (2010). A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2 (Policy and Practice). Geneva; World Health Organization.
20. McCracken K, Phillips DR. Global health: An introduction to current and future trends: Routledge; 2017. [DOI:10.4324/9781315691800]
21. World health Organization. Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health: World Health Organization; 2008.
22. Williams-Brennan L, Gastaldo D, Cole DC, Paszat L. Social determinants of health associated with cervical cancer screening among women living in developing countries: a scoping review. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. 2012;286(6):1487-505. [DOI:10.1007/s00404-012-2575-0]
23. Blas E, Kurup AS. Equity, social determinants and public health programmes: World Health Organization; 2010.
24. Braveman P, Gruskin S. Defining equity in health. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 2003;57(4):254-8. [DOI:10.1136/jech.57.4.254]
25. Kickbusch I. The contribution of the World Health Organization to a new public health and health promotion. American journal of public health. 2003;93(3):383-8. [DOI:10.2105/AJPH.93.3.383]
26. Marmot M, Allen JJ. Social determinants of health equity. American Public Health Association; 2014. [DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302200]
27. Delara M. Social determinants of immigrant women's mental health. Advances in Public Health. 2016;2016. [DOI:10.1155/2016/9730162]
28. Chung RY, Mercer S, Lai FT, et al. Socioeconomic determinants of multimorbidity: a population-based household survey of Hong Kong Chinese. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140040. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0140040]
29. Barnett WS, Epstein DJ, Carolan ME, et al. The State of Preschool 2010: State Preschool Yearbook: ERIC; 2010.
30. Magnuson KA, Meyers MK, Ruhm CJ, et al. Inequality in preschool education and school readiness. American educational research journal. 2004;41(1):115-57. [DOI:10.3102/00028312041001115]
31. Barnett WS. Preschool education and its lasting effects: Research and policy implications. 2008.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
