Introduction: Marital satisfaction is one of the most important signs of a favorable relationship between couples. This research aimed to survey the effectiveness of training using Bowen's family therapy approach on marital satisfaction of married women in the city of Aligodarz (In the west of Iran).
Method: This study was a quasiexperi mental study using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of counseling applicant married women in the city of Aligodarz in 2019. By convenience sampling, 30 married women were selected and participated in this study. After recording the subjects' scores in the pre-test stage, the experimental group was exposed to the intervention (training course), but no operations were performed on the control group. Data gathering was carried out using a demographic questionnaire and ENRICH marital satisfaction scale. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation indices were used to describe and Chi-square test was used to examine the homogeneity of the two groups in terms of study variables and multivariate analysis of covariance were performed in SPSS 24 software with a significancel level of 5%.
Results: Descriptive findings showed that the mean (standard deviation) of the total score of the marital satisfaction variable in the pre-test and post-test stages was 131.60 (26.89) and 142.81 (25.24) in the experimental group and 132.66 (24.09) and 132.26 (21.92) in the control group, respectively. The inferential findings showed that Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on some of the dimensions of marital satisfaction (religious orientation, equality of women and men, children and parenting, sexual relation, financial management, conflict resolution, and marital satisfaction) (p< 0.05). On the other hand, this approach was not practical in improving other aspects of marital satisfaction (relationship with family and friends, leisure time, marital relationship, personality issues, and contractual responses) (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: The present study results showed an increase in marital satisfaction of married women using the Bowen family therapy approach. Therefore, it is recommended to use Bowen's family therapy approach to improve women's marital satisfaction with family problems.
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As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.
Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate
As modern society has become complicated and rapidly been changing, the family was exposed to various issues while experiencing continuous dynamics between the society and family members(1). The emotional and psychological health of society depends on the family's health which in turn depends on the continuity and health of the relationship between husband and wife(2). One of the factors affecting the health of families in marital satisfaction is weakness in marital satisfaction, or lack of success in marriage affecting the mental well-being of couples and can also endanger the survival of the family(3).
Marital status is defined as the interest of couples in each other and their positive attitude toward marital life, which can depend on personal factors, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, sexual relations, childcare, equity, or religious roles orientation (4).
Marital satisfaction is the primary goal of any marriage, and couples wish to have the highest satisfaction in their marital lives(5). Accordingly, conformity between one's expectations and one's experiences in life was defined as marital satisfaction. According to this definition, marital satisfaction exists when one's situation in marital life is similar to the expected conditions. Marital satisfaction is a situation in which couples have high levels of happiness and satisfaction from their marriage and each other (6). Furthermore, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that can influence the presence or absence of marital problems. In other words, marital satisfaction is directly related to conflict and incompatibility in marriage. It means that incompatibility increases with an increase in conflict between couples, resulting in higher levels of dissatisfaction (7). Dissatisfaction after the marriage has adverse effects on psychosocial interactions between couples and the development of children and adolescents in that family. For example, studies show that 39% of criminal adolescents held in "Iran's Correction and Rehabilitation Center" belong to damaged families (8). Some researchers believe that the history of marital conflict and dissatisfaction in parents can affect the marital satisfaction of their children (9).
Bowen's family therapy model is one of the first and most important models that evaluate people in their families' context. Bowen's theories, as one of the most important figures in this field, make up the basis of many of current trends in family therapy. Bowen is the founder of family systems theory which considers family as a single emotional unit and a web of relations that
can be better understood in history or several generations. Bowen's therapy is a bridge between psychotherapy approaches and system theory-based]. Bowen's theory plays an important role in developing theoretical and clinical studies in the field of family therapy(10). This theory consists of eight intertwined concepts: self-differentiation, differentiation, Nuclear family emotional systems, family projection processes, emotional separation, multigenerational transfer process, siblings' role, and social retreat (11).
Furthermore, Bowen's theory is a comprehensive explanation of the family as an emotional system. The core of this theory are concepts such as triangulation, family projection process, emotional separation, and multigenerational transfer process. These concepts explain some of the methods
used in families to show fusion or differentiation responses (12). Bowen believes that acute anxiety exists during one’s entire life and that this anxiety has both physical and psychological aspects. Low levels of anxiety indicate that there are no significant problems between people or families. In these cases, the emotional system of the family is stable (13). Bowen's family therapy approach is one of the approaches used to decrease family problems. In this therapy, it is assumed that the past can affect the present and is, in fact, still "alive." Past is the emotional response of the present which can be inherited from one generation to the next. Therefore, Bowen's approach in family therapy is also known as intergenerational therapy, and it is believed that his theory of family dynamics is the most comprehensive model of family systems (14). This approach is effective in reducing the symptoms caused by anxiety(15), reducing exam anxiety and increasing self-efficiency(16), increased adaptation after divorce(17), improving initially incompatible schema(18), women's self-differentiation(19), and creation of other positive effects in behavior, moods, and lives of various individuals. In addition, many studies have been done in the field of marital satisfaction and its relationship with other variables such as self-efficacy (20, 21), quality of life (22, 23), perceived stress(22), and sexual satisfaction(24). However, no research has been done on the role of Bowen's therapeutic approach on the marital satisfaction of married women(25).
Given the above and the importance of marital satisfaction in families' health and consequently in society's health, and due to the many problems that frequently occur between couples in today's complex world, the need to use appropriate therapeutic approaches is felt. Due to the high effectiveness of Bowen's approach in reducing crises in couples and given the fact that this method has rarely been used in Iran(19), the current study aims to investigate the effect of Bowen’s family therapy on marital satisfaction.
In conclusion, according to the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the research hypothesis is that "Bowen's family therapy approach has a significant effect on marital satisfaction of married women."
Method
The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The study population included all married women in Aligodarz city convenience sampling was used to select the research sample.Based on our pilot study (n=5) The mean (standard deviation) score of Marital Satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 145 (22) and 123(20), respectively. By considering the equal population ratio in the two groups (k=1), the significance level 5% and the effect size equal to 1.04. Initial  sample size was obtained 13 people.Taking into account the non-response rate equal to 15% of the final sample volume was equal to 15 people in each group.